DSpace Collection:
https://hdl.handle.net/10171/18948
2024-03-29T10:38:18ZControl of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates at a spanish university with in-person class attendance
https://hdl.handle.net/10171/68768
Title: Control of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates at a spanish university with in-person class attendance
Abstract: The "Safe Campus Program," implemented in 2020 through 2021 at the University of Navarra (Spain), aimed to guarantee a safe return to university campus and prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks, avoiding university-wide lockdown. It included COVID-19 education, campus adaptation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. We describe the main characteristics of the program and analyze the SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence among 14 496 university members. The 14-day cumulative incidence in the university was 415.2 versus 447.7 in the region. The program, sustainable in the long term, achieved low SARS-CoV-2 in-campus rates.2022-01-01T00:00:00ZPhotodynamic nasal SARS-CoV-2 decolonization shortens infectivity and influences specific T-Cell responses.
https://hdl.handle.net/10171/68767
Title: Photodynamic nasal SARS-CoV-2 decolonization shortens infectivity and influences specific T-Cell responses.
Abstract: Background: The main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of intranasal
photodynamic therapy (PDT) in SARS-CoV-2 mildly symptomatic carriers on
decreasing the infectivity period. SARS-CoV-2-specific immune-stimulating
effects and safety were also analysed.
Methods: We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in a
tertiary hospital (NCT05184205). Patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR in the
last 48 hours were recruited and aleatorily assigned to PDT or placebo. Patients
with pneumonia were excluded. Participants and investigators were masked to
group assignment. The primary outcome was the reduction in in vitro infectivity of
nasopharyngeal samples at days 3 and 7. Additional outcomes included safety
assessment and quantification of humoral and T-cell immune-responses.
Findings: Patients were recruited between December 2021 and February 2022.
Most were previously healthy adults vaccinated against COVID-19 and most
carried Omicron variant. 38 patients were assigned to placebo and 37 to PDT. Intranasal PDT reduced infectivity at day 3 post-treatment when compared to
placebo with a b-coefficient of -812.2 (CI95%= -478660 – -1.3, p<0.05) infectivity
arbitrary units. The probability of becoming PCR negative (ct>34) at day 7 was
higher on the PDT-group, with an OR of 0.15 (CI95%=0.04-0.58). There was a
decay in anti-Spike titre and specific SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity in the placebo
group 10 and 20 weeks after infection, but not in the PDT-group. No serious
adverse events were reported.
Interpretation: Intranasal-PDT is safe in pauci-symptomatic COVID-19 patients, it
reduces SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and decelerates the decline SARS-CoV-2 specific
immune-responses.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZEffect of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
https://hdl.handle.net/10171/67828
Title: Effect of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract: Background: Some large prospective studies on olive oil consumption and risk of chronic disease suggested protective effects.
Objective: We conducted an outcome-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the association between olive oil consumption and the primary risk of 4 different outcomes: cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D) or all-cause mortality through January 2022.
Methods: Thirty-six studies were included in the systematic review and twenty-seven studies (24 prospective cohorts and 3 different reports from one RCT) were assessed in 4 quantitative random-effects meta-analyses. They included a total of 806,203 participants with 49,223 CVD events; 1,285,064 participants with 58,892 incident cases of cancer; 680,239 participants with 13,389 incident cases of T2D; and 733,420 participants with 174,081 deaths. Olive oil consumption was most frequently measured with validated food frequency questionnaires. Studies follow-up ranged between 3.7 and 28 years.
Results: A 16% reduced risk of CVD (relative risk [RR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.94), standardized for every additional olive oil consumption of 25 g/d was found. No significant association with cancer risk was observed (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03, per 25 g/d). Olive oil consumption was associated with a 22% lower relative risk of T2D (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.87, per 25 g/d) without evidence of heterogeneity. Similarly, it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.93, per 25 g/d). Only the results for T2D were homogeneous. Specific sources of heterogeneity for the other 3 outcomes were not always apparent.
Conclusions: Prospective studies supported a beneficial association of olive oil consumption with CVD, T2D and all-cause mortality, but they did not show any association with cancer risk.2022-01-01T00:00:00ZUltra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment
https://hdl.handle.net/10171/67397
Title: Ultra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment
Abstract: Background: Dietary patterns can produce an environmental impact. Changes in people's diet, such as the increased consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) can not only influence human health but also environment sustainability. Objectives: Assessment of the impact of 2-year changes in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and water, energy and land use. Design: A 2-year longitudinal study after a dietary intervention including 5879 participants from a Southern European population between the ages of 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Food intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire, which allowed classifying foods according to the NOVA system. In addition, sociodemographic data, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were obtained from validated questionnaires. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy and land use were cal-culated by means of the Agribalyse & REG; 3.0.1 database of environmental impact indicators for food items. Changes in UPF consumption during a 2-year period were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using computed General Lin-ear Models. Results: Participants with major reductions in their UPF consumption reduced their impact by -0.6 kg of CO2eq and -5.3 MJ of energy. Water use was the only factor that increased as the percentage of UPF was reduced. Conclusions: Low consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to environmental sustainability. The processing level of the consumed food should be considered not only for nutritional advice on health but also for environmental protection. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 05 September 2013, http://www.isrctn.com/ ISRCTN89898870.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z