La jerarquía de fuentes en el ordenamiento canónico

Abstract

Summarium Notio sic dicta Status lurlS, orta patrocinio doctrinae de tripartita potestatum separatione (Iegislativae, exsecutivae et iudicialis), pro SUrnrnQ legj$ imperio est; Status scilicet iuris Status qUidem est legi pi ene su• biectus. Haec notio Status necessario fontium hierarchiam ponit. Fons dicitur veluti productionisiuridicae; si autem normae iuridicae effectus fontium iuridicae pro. ductionis intelliguntur, distinguendae sunt fontium pro• ductionis hierarchia (ordo cum sit fontium productionis secundum potestatem qua complectuntur et ordo etiam sit potestatum atque munerum) ac normarum iuridlca• rum formalis hierarehia. Hierarchia fontium, principii legalitatis quod in statu iuris regit postulatio, via est apta ad iuridicam securitatem consequendam ac civium iurium tutelam adversus potestatis exercitationem arbitrariam. In ordinamento Ecclesiae fontium hierarchia non est nec normarum forma'lis hierarchia; quoquo modo orga• norum hierarchia gradu innixa quo in organizatione potitur. Sed ecclesiasticum magisterium uberius est in pe• titionibusa civili societate de iuridica curan da securitate civium ac de tutela iurium fundamentalium per• sonae humanae. Huius doctrinae conscia sunt Principia quae Codicois luris Canoniei recognitionem dirigant, in I Synodo Episcoporum anno 1967 disputata. Ouamobrem necesse est in ordinamentum canonicum fontium hierarchiam indu. cere, ad huius rei partes transitis maximi nominis viris in doctrina canonica. Ouod in 'Ecclesia nec separatio potestatum exsistat huic proposito obex non est quia in eius sinu possibilis distinctio munerum et ea de causa legiferorum orga• norum, exsecutionis et iudicialium. De hoc sensu quidem servanda semper divinae constitutionis Ecclesiae structura et ordinamenti Ecclesiae species. Haec indagatio concluditur plurimis suggestis de iure ¡contiendo super ratione ordinamenti ECclesiae applicandi principii fontium hierarchiae. Fontium hie. rarchia in canonico ordinamentoesset: 1) lex funda. mentalis; 2) Ordinarie leges normativae; 3) Normae pro administratione; 4) Negotia administrativa; 5) Consue. tudo. Ut vero fidem nullam normam inferiorem aliae superioriexcellere opus est fontium hierarchiae iuris• dictionalem vigilantiam etiam introducere.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract The concept State of Law, which carne into being in the light of the theory of the tripartite separation of powers (legislative,executive and judicial), is equi• valent to sovereignty of the law; that is, State of law is the State which is fully subjected to the law; this idea of State necessarily implies a hierarchy of sources. By -source. one understands a source of legal pro• duction and that the ,Iegall norms are a product of the sources of production; one has to distinguish the hierarchy of the sources of produetion (because there exists a hierarchy of the sources of production according to the power in which they are, and there ls al so a hierarchy of powers and functions) from the formal hierarchy of ,legal norms. The hierarchy of sources, exigence of the principie of legality which prevails in the State of law, is an adequate medium through which legal security and tutelage of the rights of the citizens could be obtained, to confront the arbitrary exercise of power. In the arrangement of the Church there neither exists hierarchy of sources nor formal hierarchy of norms; in any case it is an organie hierarehy based on its importance in the organization. But the teaching of the Church is pregnant with petitions to the civil society to seek the legal security of the citizens and the tutelage of the fundamental rights of the human being; consistent with this doctrine are the PrblcoiP.ia quae Codicis luris Canoniel recognitionem dirigant which were discussed at the firts Synod of Bishops in 1967; this made it necessary to introduce into the ca• nonical set up the hierarchy of sources, a question on which the most reknowned pronouncement has favoura• bly been made concerning canonical doctrine. The existence of the division of powers in the Church is no obstacle to this objective because it is possible to have a distinction of function and, therefore, a distinction of legislative, executive and judicial organs; in this sense, the structure of the divine constitution of the Church and the pecularities of the canonical I3rrangement have always got to be safeguarded. This research ends with numerous suggestions de iure eondendo on the way of applying the principie of the hierarchy of sources to the canonical set up. The hierarchy of sources in thecanonical set up would be: 1) Constitution; 2) Ordinary standard iaws; 3) Norms of the administration; 4) Standard business; 5) Costume. To guarantee that no inferior norm prevails over a superior one it is also necessary to introduce jurisdiccional control of the hierarchy of sources.