Interactional effects of climate change factors on the water status, photosynthetic rate, and metabolic regulation in peach
Keywords: 
Prunus rootstocks
Elevated CO2
Warming
Drought
Osmotic potential
Water-use efficiency
Soluble sugars
Gene expression
Issue Date: 
2020
ISSN: 
1664-462X
Note: 
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CreativeCommons Attribution License (CC BY).
Citation: 
Jimenez, S.; Fattahi, M.; Bedis, K.; et al. "Interactional effects of climate change factors on the water status, photosynthetic rate, and metabolic regulation in peach". Frontiers in plant science. 11, 2020, 43
Abstract
Environmental stress factors caused by climate change affect plant growth and crop production, and pose a growing threat to sustainable agriculture, especially for tree crops. In this context, we sought to investigate the responses to climate change of two Prunus rootstocks (GF677 and Adesoto) budded with Catherina peach cultivar. Plants were grown in 15 L pots in temperature gradient greenhouses for an 18 days acclimation period after which six treatments were applied: [CO2 levels (400 versus 700 mol mol-1), temperature (ambient versus ambient + 4°C), and water availability (well irrigated versus drought)]. After 23 days, the effects of stress were evaluated as changes in physiological and biochemical traits, including expression of relevant genes. Stem water potential decreased under drought stress in plants grafted on GF677 and Adesoto rootstocks; however, elevated CO2 and temperature affected plant water content differently in both combinations. The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions. The photosynthetic rates of plants grafted onto Adesoto were only affected by drought treatment. Furthermore, in GF677-Catherina plants, elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of drought, whereas in those grafted onto Adesoto, the same condition produced acclimation in the rate. Stomatal conductance decreased under high CO2and drought stress in both graftedrootstocks, and the combination of these conditions improved water-use efficiency.Changes in the sugar content in scion leaves and roots were significantly differentunder the stress conditions in both combinations. Meanwhile, the expression of mostof the assessed genes was significantly affected by treatment. Regarding genotypes,GF677 rootstock showed more changes at the molecular and transcriptomic level thandid Adesoto rootstock. A coordinated shift was found between the physiological statusand the transcriptomic responses. This study revealed adaptive responses to climatechange at the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptomic levels in twoPrunusrootstocks budded with 'Catherina'. Overall, these results demonstrate the resilient capacity andplasticity of these contrasting genotypes, which can be further used to combat ongoingclimate changes and support sustainable peach production.

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