Artículos de revista (Fac. de Filosofía y Letras)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/70318
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- How to Study the Historical Imprint of Religions on Cultures According to Christopher Dawson(MDPI, 2023) Herce, R. (Rubén)Christopher Dawson is one of the great philosophers of history. He understood the signs of the times and anticipated what was to come in Western society. He considered religion to be the soul of cultures and showed this in his writings. The aim of this article is to articulately present Dawson’s vision of how to study religions from his discipline. To this end, it first shows the possibility of the scientific study of religion. Then it explains the method suggested by Dawson for such a study and the relevance of religious experiences and religious social types as sources for the study of religion. Finally, it analyses the constitutive elements of religion and the notions of religion that Dawson handles, always from a historical approach open to the transcendent.
- Perspectives on the Religion–Culture Relationship in a Globalized Secular Culture According to Christopher Dawson(MDPI, 2024) Herce, R. (Rubén)This article explores the interplay between religion and culture in Christopher Dawson’s philosophy of history and underlines the relevance of his analysis in today’s globalized culture, which often shows little interest in religion. The discussion begins by examining observable manifestations of religion within any culture, including religious institutions and the intrinsic transcendent aspects of religion. It then highlights religion’s significant impact on cultural evolution, initially as a stabilizing and developmental force and subsequently as a catalyst for cultural renewal. Following this historical analysis, the article addresses the phenomenon of cultural globalization and the diminishing role of religion as a cultural reference point. The conclusion underscores Dawson’s perspective that this historically unusual situation will be resolved by individuals who embody the ideals of faith in their lives and effectively convey these values to society and the difference in the way he understands the role of religion in culture and society, not as something functional but as the soul that animates them. The aim of the article is to present concisely and comprehensively Dawson’s stance on a central theme in his essays, which has not been covered in other articles.
- On the origin of life on earth(2024) Herce, R. (Rubén)The creation of the universe out of nothing (ex nihilo) is attributable to the eternal God. Would a direct divine intervention be needed for other singular events, such as the origin of life? Taking apart the human being, created to image and resemblance of God, we argue that current scientific knowledge allows us to rationally admit a continuity between the origins of the universe and the emergence of life on Earth. Although the irruption of living beings from inert matter is a leap or discontinuity in creation, a direct intervention of God would not be indispensable. The initial impulse of creation, with matter and energy in a space-time imbalance, could have triggered reactions between the different elements and a self-organization of metabolites, in accordance with natural physical-chemistry laws. This paradoxical increase of complexity ended with a transition from chemistry to biology. It happened when independence, metabolism, heritability, and life cycle took place in a protocellular unit. In this way, the emergence of life on earth could be part of an evolutionary dynamic of the timeless God’s creative act.
- Participatory culture in Spain: interactions between art, architecture, and design in the 1970s(2024) Fernández-González, D. (Dailey)Abstract: At the beginning of the 1970s in Spain, after the social opening derived from the economic policies of Franco’s dictatorship in the 1950s, two public, international, and participatory events were organized: the VII International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) Congress in Ibiza, in 1971, and the Pamplona Encounters, in 1972. Both events are now important references for understanding the changes in the consideration of public participation by artists, designers, and architects in the region, motivated both by international trends and by their own particular contexts. Both the Ibiza Congress and the Pamplona Encounters encouraged the creation of ephemeral scenarios to debate issues such as the role of art in the community, the social work of the creator, the change in the conception of the public now understood as a co-author. These artistic experiments created “microenvironments” of freedom and participation in a climate of great political tension, thus anticipating the transition to democracy that would occur a few years after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975.
- A otro perro con ese hueso: modelo fraseológico para el rechazo en la historia del español(CSIC, 2024) Pérez-Salazar-Resano, C. (Carmela)En estas páginas se ofrece un estudio sociopragmático, con perspectiva histórica, de un grupo de fórmulas de rechazo en español. A través de los textos de las bases de datos de la Real Academia Española y a partir de la información que ofrecen diccionarios y repertorios publicados entre los siglos xv y xxi, se describen cuatro secuencias que se ajustan a un modelo sintáctico-semántico común. El análisis histórico descubre, en las de más recorrido, la ampliación de valores pragmáticos a través del tiempo; asimismo, permite observar en algunos contextos la relación de estas fórmulas con la (des)cortesía, e incluso su vinculación con determinados estados emocionales del hablante.
- “¿Por qué me has tirado, Amor, / todo el metal de tu aljaba?”: El episodio de las bodas de Camacho en El amor hace milagros (1784), de Pedro Benito Gómez Labrador(University of California, 2012) Mata-Induráin, C. (Carlos)Existen, en el siglo XVIII, numerosas recreaciones dramáticas del Quijote y, de entre todas ellas, son bastantes las que toman como punto de partida el episodio de las bodas de Camacho.2 Así, tenemos Las bodas de Camacho, comedia nueva jocoseria en dos actos (de hacia 1770, conservada en la BNE, Ms. 15.918), de Antonio Valladares de Sotomayor; Las bodas de Camacho, zarzuela nueva española, de Leandro Ontala y Maqueda (1776, BNE, Ms. 14.608); Las bodas de Camacho el rico (1784), de Juan Meléndez Valdés, la más famosa de todas; Las bodas de Camacho. Comedia pastoral en cinco actos (BNE, Ms. 14.071), además de la pieza que ahora me ocupa: El amor hace milagros (también de ese mismo año 1784), de Pedro Benito Gómez Labrador. Como ha señalado la crítica, el tema del matrimonio de los jóvenes, y más concretamente el debate sobre si debían ser los padres o los propios hijos quienes habían de decidir a la hora de tomar estado, era una cuestión de enorme actualidad, un debate candente en la sociedad dieciochesca. Es ahí donde hay que buscar, sin duda, la razón de esa preferencia de los dramaturgos por este episodio concreto del Quijote a la hora de abordar recreaciones de la obra cervantina.
- Exploring indoor thermal comfort and its causes and consequences amid heatwaves in a Southern European city—An unsupervised learning approach(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Arriazu-Ramos, A. (Ainhoa); Monge-Barrio, A. (Aurora); López-Hernández, D. (Dolores); Gamero-Salinas, J. (Juan); González-Martinez, P. (Purificación); Sánchez-Ostiz, A. (Ana)This study investigates indoor thermal comfort during heatwaves in dwellings of the Southern European city of Pamplona, Spain. Utilizing K-means and Hierarchical clustering, it explores clustering patterns from occupants’ survey responses (n = 189) to thermal comfort-related questions (i.e. day and night thermal sensation, thermal satisfaction and thermal preference) as well as causal links (i.e. indoor temperatures, building/occupant features) and consequences (i.e. sleep quality, heat-related symptoms) of such clusterings. Both unsupervised learning techniques coherently revealed two groups: the comfortable and uncomfortable clusters. Uncomfortable occupants coherently experience more sensation to heat, greater preference for cooler temperatures, and more thermal dissatisfaction, especially during daytime hours. Dwellings of comfortable occupants experience median indoor temperatures ranging 25.7–26 ◦C; dwellings of uncomfortable occupants 27.4 ◦C, with median temperatures above 28 ◦C during 15:00–23:00 and 23:00–07:00 periods. Discomfort or overheating—coherently expressed by the thermally uncomfortable cluster—is alleviated by multiple factors related to the presence of active cooling technologies in all rooms, and use of passive and low-energy cooling measures (e,g. fans); exacerbated by heatwave conditions. As coherently expressed by the uncomfortable cluster heat worsens the sleep quality of occupants (3 to 6-fold) and increases the likelihood of occupants to experience heat-related symptoms (10–19-fold). This study is particularly important to policymakers, as it sheds light, from dwellers’ first-hand experience in a Southern Europe city, on relevant factors that should be taken in consideration to allow them to cope better with heatwaves without compromising their comfort and health.
- Organic composition or ut pictura poesis? ΖΩΙΟΝ in Aristotele’s poetics(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Galván, L. (Luis)This paper discusses Aristotle’s references to a ζῷον in his Poetics (1450b34–51a4 and 1459a20) and evaluates their implications. The usual interpretation, ‘living creature’ or ‘animal’, is one-sided, because the word ζῷον is Aristotle’s paradigm of homonymy, applying as it does to both the human being and the drawing (Cat. 1a1–6). After an examination of the two passages containing such references and their contexts, other passages by Aristotle and earlier writers (Plato, Alcidamas and Gorgias) that may shed light on the issue are analysed. The conclusion reflects on the relevance of the interpretation as ‘figure’ for the premises and purpose of the Poetics.
- Predicted vitamin D levels and risk of depression in the SUN Project: A prospective cohort study(Elsevier, 2024) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Pons-Izquierdo, J.J. (Juan José); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Silva-Sabiao, T. (Thaís) da; Cardoso-Carraro, J.C. (Julia Cristina); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena); Valer-Martínez, A. (Ana); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen)The current study aimed to investigate the association between predicted vitamin D status and depression in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project is a dynamic cohort study designed to investigate multiple aspects of health and lifestyle. Participants were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 556 items, that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants initially free of depression were classified as incident cases if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression during follow-up. Serum vitamin D levels were predicted by a previously validated equation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We included 15,175 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.9 year (11.5)] followed-up for a median of 12.7 years. Among 192,976 person-years of follow-up, we identified 753 incident cases of depression. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a 27% higher risk of depression as compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.48; p = 0.002) after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, a significant effect modification by female sex was observed with higher depression risks associated with vitamin D deficiency in women than in men (p for interaction = 0.034). In educated middle-aged Spanish adults, we observed a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of depression, that was stronger among women.
- Origins of biological teleology: how constraints represent ends(Springer Nature, 2024) Deacon, T. (Terrence); García-Valdecasas, M. (Miguel)To naturalize the concept of teleological causality in biology it is not enough to avoid assuming backward causation or positing the existence of an inscrutable teleological essence like the élan vital. We must also specify how the causality of organisms is distinct from the causality of designed artifacts like thermostats or asymmetrically oriented processes like the ubiquitous increase of entropy. Historically, the concept of teleological causality in biology has been based on an analogy to the familiar experience of purposeful action. This is experienced by us as a disposition to achieve a general type of end that is represented in advance, and which regulates the selection of efficient means to achieve it. Inspired by this analogy, to bridge the gap between biology and human agency we describe a simple molecular process called autogenesis that shows how two linked complementary self-organizing processes can give rise to higher-order relations that resemble purposeful dispositions, though expressed in terms of constraints on molecular processes. Because the autogenic model is described in sufficient detail to be empirically realizable, it provides a proof of principle demonstrating a simple form of teleological causality.