REV - Communication & Society - Volumen 33, N. 3 (2020)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/42897
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Results
- The image of Barcelona in Online Travel Reviews during 2017 Catalan independence process(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Huertas, A. (Assumpció); Lozano-Monterrubio, N. (Natàlia)Since the emergence of Online Travel Reviews (OTRs), the collective co-creation of a destination brand image has been more evident than ever before. Stories and emotions expressed in these platforms by experienced tourists can significantly influence other users’ intention to visit. This study explores the extent to which political matters like the incidents that occurred during the last quarter of 2017 related with the Catalan independence process may have a negative impact on the brand image of a destination. This paper has used a specific methodology for content analysis of social media in the field of tourism to study the worst rated OTRs (one-star) of seven different attractions of Barcelona in three social media platforms that are able to geolocate places (TripAdvisor, Google Maps and Facebook) to determine the nature, discourses and the emotions raised. Although most complaints refer to the intrinsic problems of the attractions like high entrance prices and long queues due to tourism overcrowding, results reveal that OTR platforms also include tourists’ personal opinions on such issues as politics and religion. The originality of this research paper is that it delves into users’ co-creation of destination brand image through the analysis of negative OTRs and the emotions expressed in their comments.
- YouTube celebrity endorsement: audience evaluation of source attributes and response to sponsored content. A case study of influencer Verdeliss(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Elorriaga-Illera, A. (Angeriñe); Monge-Benito, S. (Sergio); Fernández, E. (Elena)This article analyses follower response to the growing number of product endorsements present in YouTube videos published under the username “Verdeliss” by Estefanía Unzu Ripoll, Spain’s most popular YouTube influencer on the topic of maternity and childcare. Results of a self-administered online survey of 949 Verdeliss followers focused on their individual evaluations of source attributes indicate that Unzu Ripoll’s YouTube fans tend to buy products she endorses on the basis of her perceived likeability and expertise, and that the overall influence she exerts on their purchasing decisions is slight. In closing, the authors offer insights into how social media influencers can enhance the effectiveness of their online endorsements and identify tactics brands can employ to ensure that the influencers they collaborate with are optimally suited to promote their products.
- El ensayo en el audiovisual español contemporáneo: definición, producción y tendencias(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Mínguez, N. (Norberto); Manzano-Espinosa, C. (Cristina)This article analyzes the Spanish audiovisual essay through a sample of 200 titles. Film essay is considered here as a means of expression and generation of thought whose characteristics perfectly reflect the fluidity of the contemporary condition. A study tool has been created with a threefold aim: to identify a corpus of representative works and authors of the Spanish audiovisual essay, to determine and classify the different essayistic trends according to their formal and thematic options and to deliver a productive contribution to the definition of the essay film. The results provide quantitative and qualitative data that reveal an atomized, authorial production, with predominance of short and medium duration films and with a wide thematic and formal diversity. The essay is revealed as an audiovisual form that articulates a line of thought and has some of the following features: it is self-reflective and asystematic; it presents a tendency towards subjectivity but can also take a stand on matters of public interest; it moves away from the more conventional audiovisual forms and engages with the viewer in an intellectual and emotionally active relationship. We found evidence of the political, social and aesthetic dimension of the essay film, as well as a tendency towards documentary and experimental forms.
- Media Coverage of Campaigns: A multilevel study of Mexican women running for office(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Vidal-Correa, F. (Fernanda)Previous studies on the United States and Latin America have demonstrated unequal media coverage of men and women during electoral campaigns. However, in Mexico, a country where women increasingly participate in politics, this has seldom been studied. This is worrisome when considering that, with gender stereotyping, the media can create new barriers for female candidates, affecting voters’ perceptions of women’s expertise and policy proposals. Through a comparative analysis, this research explores the role of the media when covering women running for office. It specifically studies coverage of executive-branch campaigns at the three levels of government. This is an important contribution to the literature as there are few studies of the Mexican context; specifically, this research examines the visibility, focus, traits, and issues covered in written media in order to explore, as well expand knowledge of, media biases and Mexican politics. Findings suggest that women running for positions with more power received different appraisal in printed media. Furthermore, male candidates received more coverage with the number of stories and headlines explicitly covering them higher than female candidates. This was most evident in municipal elections. At the same time, coverage of both female and male candidates shied away from personal traits or family matters. The media’s attention was on ‘male’ issues, where women were less competitive than men. Albeit with marginal differences, coverage of municipal elections was positive for women (where they won), compared with that of the across-the-board losses for female candidates running for governor.
- Who counts? The presence of women directors in Spanish independent cinema through a data analysis of film circulation (2013-2018)(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Binimelis, M. (Mar); Oroz, E. (Elena)This article examines the presence of women filmmakers in Spanish independent cinema by assessing the national circulation of their works in the alternative distribution and exhibition circuit where gender studies are almost inexistent. Along with other neighboring countries, independent filmmaking enjoys a growing cultural weight within a national cinema conditioned by digitalization and the domination of multinational corporations in the aftershock of the economic crisis. The study, based on a representative sample to quantify female directors, carries out a cross-sectional examination in three areas within independent film circulation that, in turn, endow them with such status: festivals, specialized VOD platforms and independent film distribution companies with catalogs for release in traditional movie theaters or the cultural sector. The chosen timeframe is 2013-2018, from the moment independent cinema, branded as other cinema, achieves increased visibility, and establishes itself as an alternative to the commercial cinema in Spain up to the most recent year with available data. The research shows that, although there is a more significant proportion of female filmmakers than in commercial production, it continues to be a minority in the 20% range. Such underrepresentation does not only affect the cultural value of women’s work but also raises questions on the nature of a type of independent film practices that lay claim to cultural diversity.
- Self-destructive content in university teaching: new challenge in the Digital Competence of Educators(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Sixto-García, J. (José); Duarte-Melo, A. (Ana)The Z are the first digital native people gaining access to university. It is a generation that registers high rates of social media consumption, but their digital competence is not as outstanding as one might expect due to the training’ deficiency they have acquired in previous educational levels caused, among other reasons, by the primary and secondary teachers’ low digital competence. The current research aims to identify the demand for using social networks and messaging apps 2.0 in university teaching. A quantitative methodology was employed in order to know the technological prospects of the university Z in the Euroregion Galicia-North of Portugal, in the context of an Erasmus mobility. The results confirm the necessity to continue using social media, but only those within the students’ technological comfort zone; thus, it is necessary to combine transmedia storytelling with the insertion of technological proposals in environments initially not conceived for learning. It is concluded that the Z are starting to claim the use of state-of-the-art resources such as self-destructive content, which requires an immediate improvement in the university educators’ digital competence by means of continuing training programmes, since only the pioneer educators with a C2 level can detect and pay attention to this type of demands.
- Twitter, Presidential Debates and Attention Economy: A Symbiosis between Television Audience and Social Media Users during Campaign Season(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Buzzo, C. (Camila); Santander, P. (Pedro); Elórtegui, C. (Claudio)The year 2017 was an intense electoral year in Chile, both parliamentary and presidential. In this context, by using computer intelligence, an interdisciplinary team conducted a collection and volumetric analysis of over 3 million Twitter messages belonging to users that mentioned, at least once, any of the presidential candidates, both in the first and second voting round. Our goal was focused on analyzing the relationship between traditional media (radio and television) and Twitter, probing user interactions during the broadcast of live political shows, with emphasis on presidential debates. For this purpose, we carried out a volumetric analysis of all mentions in social media during the broadcast of live political shows to characterize the digital attention of the audience, under different parameters. Our results show that there is high user interest in the digital debate regarding presidential debates, a positive correlation between traditional media and Twitter during the broadcast of live political shows, and that, also, the latter trigger social media; furthermore, we verify the double screen phenomenon made possible by mobile platforms.
- El interés de la audiencia española en la política televisada: de los debates electorales al "politainment"(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Quintas-Froufe, N. (Natalia); Conde-Vázquez, E. (Erika); Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna)Televised politics have become an essential focal point in the planning of the electoral campaigns of any political party. Television is the main source of information during electoral processes and politainment programs have become decisive engagements for candidates. This paper carries out a diachronic analysis of the evolution of the audience of Spanish televised debates in order to verify whether this format is worn out. The sample includes ten electoral debates between presidential candidates held before April 2019. In addition, it focuses on the integration of other platforms in the broadcasting and viewing of the electoral debate, e.g. Twitter. The results of this research show the interest of the Spanish audience in this format, from the first broadcast in 1993 up until today, turning them into real television milestones. Likewise, the candidates have also increased their presence on television through other entertainment formats in order to show furthermore human and emotional facets to the electorate. This recent media exposure of political leaders has also been followed by the Spanish citizens.
- Haptic Visuality and Film Narration. Mapping New Women’s Cinema in Spain(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Guillamón-Carrasco, S. (Silvia)There is a trend in female film production in the 21st century in the context of Spain towards a type of cinema that we could classify as haptic. It is a mode of representation concerned with multisensory expression in film images. In this article, we shall study this haptic visuality in the works of four filmmakers: Isabel Coixet, Paula Ortiz, Mar Coll and Carla Simón, whose films in this century exemplify the trend. The method chosen is textual analysis, which will provide us with the necessary tools to study matters concerning representation (framing), narration (nuclei and catalysis) and communication (spectatorial subject). These three analytical categories together will enable us to set out the representational parameters of haptic cinema in filmic texts. The results obtained reveal that the elements related to framing (handheld camera usage, grainy images, and the recurrent presence of close-ups) help to express the characters’ subjective, sensory world. As for the narrative model, a prevalence of catalysis and descriptive function can be seen, which helps the characters’ affections and emotions to be widely expressed. Likewise, inferences and ellipsis help weave filmic discourses that involve the audience cognitively, constructing a communicative model that fosters interpretational openness and a kind of interpellation that seeks affective and intellectual communion with the spectatorial subject.
- The origins of media trust in a young democracy(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2020) Min, Y. (Young); Markov, C. (Čedomir)Declining trust in news media has often been recognized as one of the major challenges facing modern journalism with potentially detrimental consequences for democratic processes. In this article, we examine the predictive potential of cultural-political and performance factors on public trust in news media in the context of a young democracy. Specifically, we have analyzed to what extent citizens’ populist attitudes and perceptions of journalistic roles relate to the levels of media trust using data from an online survey of Serbian respondents (N = 200). The findings showed that support for populism did not significantly predict trust in news media in general after controlling for relevant factors, most importantly political trust. However, populist attitudes were found to be related to the amount of trust citizens have in distinct types of news media –i.e., those who support populism exhibited less trust in public broadcasters than in online news outlets. The analyses also revealed that the more Serbian citizens perceived news media as being successful at performing interpretive and mobilizing roles, the more trust they placed in the media.