REV - CF - Vol. 30 (2021/22)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/63596
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Results
- A discussion for the metaphysics of downward causation. The case for ontological emergence(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Nsubuga, P. (Paul)The past decades have been marked with an increased venture in understanding and employing the notion of emergence. The notion of emergence argues for the appearance of novel properties known as emergent properties, which are irreducible to their basal properties. A hierarchical structure of levels in reality accompanies the notion of emergence where emergent properties occupy higher levels and basal properties lower levels. In this way, the notion of emergence presents itself as an overt rejection of radical reductionism, which posits that everything can be reduced to the basal properties. Hence, the irreducibility of the emergent properties to the basal properties constitutes the former and the latter separate ontological entities. The dispositions of the emergent properties endow them to cause in the basal properties through what is known as downward causation. However, the irreducibility of emergent properties and downward causation on basal properties have been a source of constant apprehension towards the notion of emergence. This thesis presents a rapprochement for an interpretation of ontological emergence and downward causation that synchronises with our classical notions on ontology and causality. Complexity and an ontology of levels based on the constitution rather than the composition of the levels help us explain irreducibility. We have pleaded for the Aristotelian causal pluralism, thus involving the formal and final cause to account for the disquieting problem of downward causation. Hence, we contend that the phenomenon of emergence makes sense within the present scientific and philosophical framework.
- Towards greater freedom: a movement from millean liberty to Gandhian Swarãj(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Kakkariyil, J. (Joseph)What makes man, man is the freedom and execution of it in all realms but without harming the other in any way is the crux of the entire project. The first chapter of our project was about the Autobiography written by John Stuart Mill and its interconnectedness to our general theme of the liberty of the individual. His autobiography proves that the wisdom he imbibed in childhood and lessons of youth and old age guided him to form a concrete idea of human freedom that was essential for self-realization. The second chapter gives the clear-cut idea that without freedom any development that is attained is not development at all. It also reveals the fact that eccentricity, genius, individuality, dialogue, variety of human experiences, experiments in human living etc. are the factors that determine and enlarges the liberty of every individual. The third chapter is about the Autobiography of Gandhi, which deals with the experiments of Gandhi with truth. The fourth chapter is about Swara-j, the liberty par excellent, which finds in concrete application in the constructive programme. And the fifth chapter is a grand comparison of the approaches of Mill and Gandhi to human liberty, which shows that whether the approach is from the West or from the East, has the relevance even today. There is superiority in the approach taken by Gandhi with regard to the theme of liberty, wherein the emphasis is laid on ahimsa-, morality and Satya-graha.
- Dios como fundamento de toda la realidad en el pensamiento de Robert Spaemann(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Capijo-Francisco, R.A. (Robert Adam)El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en la doctrina sobre la realidad en el pensamiento de Robert Spaemann, para lo cual es principal el estudio sobre Dios, puesto que, para este filósofo el fundamento de toda la realidad es Dios. Para Spaemann, sin la noción de persona no podemos entender la noción de identidad, constituyente de toda la realidad. Sin embargo, sin Dios no hay ninguna realidad, y, por tanto, no hay nada de qué hablar. Para aclarar los problemas que se presentan no solo en la historia del pensamiento sino también en los acontecimientos diarios del mundo actual, hay que volver a considerar la experiencia del ser cuyo Fundamento es Dios. Desde esta consideración se accede a las doctrinas antropológicas, éticas y políticas que Spaemann ofrece al mundo contemporáneo en crisis.