REV - Communication & Society - Volumen 31, N. 4 (2018)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/55732
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- Thomas A. BASS. Censorship in Vietnam. Brave New World. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst and Boston, 2017, 248 pp.(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Nualart, C. (Cristina)
- The conflict between the State of Chile and the Mapuche people in the national and regional Chilean press (2014-2016)(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Hudson, E. (Eileen); Dussaillant, F. (Francisca)This is a comparative study that analyzes the issues and the sources usage related to the conflict between the State of Chile and the Mapuche people in El Mercurio, national press, and El Austral de La Araucanía, regional press. Front pages published during the first two years of Michelle Bachelet’s presidency (2014-2016) conform the corpus of this research. A mixed methodology was applied and a multivariable content analysis was developed (N=603). Although both media belong to the same conglomerate, proximity with Mapuche’s traditional land had a decisive influence in news content. El Austral gave priority to the political discussion meanwhile El Mercurio emphasized violent events and their consequences in regional economic development. Mapuche’s were considered main actors in the news selection of the national newspaper but they were not quoted as sources. El Austral, instead, included Mapuches with political –national and regional– sources.
- Communication research in Spain: labor temporality, intensive production and competitiveness(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Goyanes, M. (Manuel); Rosique-Cedillo, G. (Gloria); Rodríguez-Gómez, E.F. (Eduardo F.)In the last years, the academic body seems to have exceeded the saturation point of the employment structure. This situation has led to an increase in professional competitiveness that affects the practices of communication research. Through the longitudinal quantitative analysis of public financing, academic personnel employment, and the scientific production in communication –explained by the development in the number of papers, the methodological approach and its specialization–, we interpret the effects of the current paradigm of this discipline, characterized by the stagnation of the investment in science, labor temporality and the numerical increase of articles and researchers.
- Big Data as a differentiating sociocultural element of data journalism: the perception of data journalists and experts(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Sandoval-Martín, M.T. (María Teresa); La-Rosa, L. (Leonardo)The use of methods of the social sciences and computational tools to analyze databases in journalism has had several definitions since Philip Meyer called it precision journalism (PJ). In the last decade, this specialty has had an important development under the term data journalism (DJ), in a differentiating technological and sociocultural environment: Big Data. This research aims to differentiate DJ from PJ and computer assisted reporting (CAR) with a perspective taken from the science and technology studies, focusing the news as a boundary object between programmers, designers, journalists and other actors that now are part of the news production process. For this purpose, 14 in-depth interviews have been made from 2015 to 2017 to data journalists from Spain (8), EEUU (1) and Finland (1); PP, PD and transparency academic experts from Spain (1) and Finland (2); and one expert in transparency acts y access to public information in Spain, Europe and Latin American. As a result, it can be affirmed that big data is differentiating element of DJ because it is a sociocultural context where the open data philosophy, free software, collaborative and team work are part of its identity.
- Professional Skills and Profiles in Journalism Demanded by Companies: Analysis of Offers at LinkedIn and Infojobs(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) González-Aldea, P. (Patricia); Marta-Lazo, C. (Carmen); Herrero-Curiel, E. (Eva)The goal of this research is to analyze whether the profiles and professional skills in journalism demanded by companies in Spain correspond to those compiled in the Libro Blanco of the ANECA, or whether they have been modified over a decade later by the impact of the digital era and emergence of new employment needs. In the current setting of rapid and unpredictable changes, periodic analyses and research like this study are necessary. The methodology chosen was the analysis of the content of job offers directed to journalism graduates on the two most used job portals in Spain, Infojobs and LinkedIn, in September 2017. All the information in the offers was organized into two categories related to descriptive data about types of contracts and data over required skills. The results led to the conclusion that the professional skills currently demanded of journalism graduates differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the professional skills described by the ANECA in 2005. The skills most demanded by companies respond to the emergence of new professional profiles related to Web 2.0. However, it is also the case that companies do not seem to know precisely what skills a journalism graduate must have.
- Big Data as a differentiating sociocultural element of data journalism: the perception of data journalists and experts(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Sandoval-Martín, M.T. (María Teresa); La-Rosa, L. (Leonardo)The use of methods of the social sciences and computational tools to analyze databases in journalism has had several definitions since Philip Meyer called it precision journalism (PJ). In the last decade, this specialty has had an important development under the term data journalism (DJ), in a differentiating technological and sociocultural environment: Big Data. This research aims to differentiate DJ from PJ and computer assisted reporting (CAR) with a perspective taken from the science and technology studies, focusing the news as a boundary object between programmers, designers, journalists and other actors that now are part of the news production process. For this purpose, 14 in-depth interviews have been made from 2015 to 2017 to data journalists from Spain (8), EEUU (1) and Finland (1); PP, PD and transparency academic experts from Spain (1) and Finland (2); and one expert in transparency acts y access to public information in Spain, Europe and Latin American. As a result, it can be affirmed that big data is differentiating element of DJ because it is a sociocultural context where the open data philosophy, free software, collaborative and team work are part of its identity.
- Spanish Academic Research Groups in Communication(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Tur-Viñes, V. (Victoria); Núñez-Gómez, P. (Patricia)The purpose of this study is to catalogue Spanish academic research groups in the field of communication. The knowledge areas covered are: Audiovisual Communication and Advertising (105), Journalism (675), and Library and Information Sciences (040). The universe consists of 55 universities grouped in 4 geographical areas. A descriptive analysis is offered based on 12 variables related to three dimensions: institutional affiliation and type of group; specialisation of group; and group composition. The technique chosen was a content analysis of the institutional websites of all the universities (private and public) that offer communication studies. The sample is made up of 213 academic research groups and 1,158 lines of research. Findings include a gender imbalance in research group directors and a standard group size of 10 members. The aspects that characterise the research of the groups are identified by geographical area and knowledge area. The results reveal a remarkable divergence in the research interests of the groups. The most common groupings of research terms are also presented. This research could contribute to the reformulation of existing taxonomies in the scientific field of communication based on the actual research practices of groups and on the selection of topics made by their members.
- The evolution of public relations research –an overview(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Fawkes, J. (Johanna)The field of public relations is often misunderstood, due to its hybridity, complexity and competing perspectives within the field of scholarship. This essay, which is based on extensive engagement with literature conducted over decades of teaching and researching the subject, outlines the main schools of thought within the field. These are summarised as a) Excellence; b) Advocacy; c) Dialogue; and d) Critical and Cultural approaches. Each perspective reflects variations in understanding of the role of public relations in theory and practice, ranging from an idealised conceptualisation of the practitioner to a demonised view of the practice. It refers throughout to different attitudes to ethics found within these schools, as approaches to ethics provide insight into understandings of the role of public relations within society. The piece concludes with reflections on the growing engagement with promotional culture and emerging research directions.
- You get what you give: Sharing as a new radical challenge for journalism(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Noguera-Vivo, J. M. (José Manuel)Research that focuses on participation in the field of journalism remains undertheorized and overused to explain whatever type of relation with the audience. This tension leads to a shortage of a solid theoretical construct to explain the processes of sharing online content in journalism. This article frames the audience studies in a new paradigm, which is linked to the key concept of sharing. It argues for an unresolved issue between the users’ abundant social activities with media content and the lack of explicit strategies by the media to take advantage of how and why people share news on the internet. This article deals with a theoretical framework for journalism built on the convergence of audience studies, the research on participation and the management of online communities. All these approaches converge in the activity of sharing content, which remains undervalued within the academic and scientific field of journalism studies. This article recovers the paradigm of a media landscape made by information flows –instead of information stocks. Therefore, the act of sharing –by the audience– becomes strategic for the media. What it means in the field of research in journalism for the coming years is the main issue of this theoretical article. As part of the final results, the article summarises some research lines that are useful to develop a new framework around audiences and sharing content. We hope this work contributes to the theoretical awareness within a distinct segment of journalism studies influenced by the audience’s online activities with media content.
- Reviewing the cultural industry: from creative industries to digital platforms(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Colombo, F. (Fausto)The goal of the present study is to broadly reconstruct the international debate on the cultural industry, from its origins to today. In particular, the links with other related concepts (creative industries and digital platforms) will be highlighted. The article is divided in three sections: the first reconstructs the origin of the concept, from the 1930s and 1940s, highlighting the theoretical heritage of Adorno and Horkheimer and, more generally, the scholars of the Frankfurt School. Together with Marcuse, those scholars identified, on the one hand, the consonances between industrial mass production and new forms of culture production and, on the other, formulated a radical critique of this change. In the same years in which the theories of this school were disseminated, Morin proposed a less pessimistic view of the same transformation. In the second section, the evolution of the concept of cultural industry during the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 2000s is studied. During this period, the classical theories –after a phase of partial obscurity– were taken up. On one hand a socio-historical perspective emphasized the role played by national industries in shaping contents and styles. On the other hand, a series of scholars enlarged the definition to the creative industries. In the third section, some hypothesis are built about the evolution of the digital platforms and their links with the traditional definition of cultural industry.