REV - Communication & Society - Volumen 36, N. 4 (2023)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/67620
See
Results
- Framing China: The Belt and Road Initiative in Argentine national media outlets(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) Vila-Seoane, M. (Maximiliano)This article studies how Argentine national media outlets reported on China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) between 2013 and February 2022 (this covers the period from the launch of the BRI to Argentina’s official accession to the initiative). Based on a framing analysis of 272 articles, this study argues that national media outlets tend to reproduce two frames about the BRI: they either present it as an opportunity or as a threat. The balance between them matters when attempting to understand how media organisations shape citizens’ perceptions of China and the BRI. In the case of Argentina, even though its political and economic relations with China have become closer, reports on the BRI were quite polarised. Indeed, national media outlets’ portrayal of the BRI as an opportunity has been slightly more prevalent than negative portrayal (41% vs. 35%). However, national media firms covered the BRI in different ways. Some organisations conveyed largely positive frames, some chiefly presented negative ones, and others were more balanced. The specific editorial lines of the newspapers and their affinities to national political alliances explain these different patterns. Furthermore, although articles citing Western sources were indeed more negative about the BRI, many of the op-eds and reports criticising the BRI were produced by Argentine journalists and other local actors. Thus, Chinese academics exaggerate Western media sources’ influence on Argentina’s national media critical coverage of China while overlooking reasonable concerns about the impacts of Chinese projects.
- Does TikTok allow quality debate? A case study on poverty(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) Mayagoitia-Soria, A. M. (Ana Marta); González-Aguilar, J.M. (Juan Manuel); Paz-Rebollo, M.A. (María Antonia)This study analyses temporary employees’ perceptions and This article analyzes whether the features of TikTok allow for meaningful debates and how they are conducted. To do so, we used a case study approach: user conversations about socially excluded individuals in a context marked by the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent economic crisis, which have exacerbated hardships in developing countries. A total of 100 videos published in Spain since 2020 on this topic, along with 38,462 comments, are examined. We performed a content analysis of the videos, considering their thematic, technical, and stylistic characteristics. Additionally, we conducted a textual analysis of the comments taking into account the authorial and conversational dimensions. The study concludes that the structure of TikTok does not enable high-quality debates in this case study. The videos provide an episodic view of the topics, and on average users participate only once expressing opinions based on personal experiences or existing biases. Moreover, the debate is muddled in this specific topic due to intergenerational conflicts. Judgmental attitudes lead to messages that are both cruel in the form of advice and expressions of humor. The analysis reveals a strong sentiment of aporophobia in the opinions expressed on this platform. Therefore, it is advisable to recommend the inclusion of this marginalized group among the protected groups in the community guidelines.
- Rural film festivals: social functions, obstacles and challenges(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) López-Cantos, C. (Clara); Gómez-Rosado, R. (Raquel); Peralta-García, L. (Lidia)This investigation is centred on film festivals within Spain that take the rural world as their reference. A panoramic approach to an emerging trend is presented in the study. The concept of the “social function” is of central importance to the analytical perspective that is adopted, to understand what added value these sorts of festivals specializing in rural topics can contribute, especially in relation to the current challenges of rural depopulation. Qualitative methods are mainly used, based on semi-structured interviews with the people who direct and manage these sorts of events, with the support of digital documents downloaded from web-pages and searches for the digital footprint of rural film festivals on websites and social media. Promoting and financing a rural film festival is, at the very least, both a social and an organizational challenge, but our study distances itself from an economic viewpoint that might measure the success of a festival in terms of marketing, to contemplate its “social profitability.” From this perspective, we ask ourselves through which channels and to what extent are rural film festivals linked into the community. The results showed that, despite the vulnerability of the sector, these festivals represent an opportunity for links with the local area, social cohesiveness, and the revitalization of socio-cultural activities.
- Populist strategies on Twitter: analysis of the political discourse during the campaign for the general elections in Spain on November 10th, 2019(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) García-Rosales, D. F. (Daniel-Francisco); Abuín-Vences, N. (Natalia)In recent years we have witnessed a resurgence of populism, which has relied on the virality of social networks to deepen its roots in society and spread its ideas. This paper analyses the populist strategies used by all parties to viralise their messages in the online environment, regardless of ideology. The present research has also examined the possible existence of complementary strategies used by the parties’ organisational profiles and those of their leaders. To this end, a content analysis has been carried out regarding the publications made on Twitter during the 2019 election campaign. The posts have been delimited to those made by the parties and candidates that attained the highest percentage of representation in the Congress of Deputies, which include the PSOE, PP, Vox, and Unidas Podemos. The findings show that all the parties under study resorted to this type of strategy. The parties closest to centre of the political spectrum, both right and left, used mostly a populist strategy aimed predominantly at attacking their adversaries, while Vox and Unidas Podemos articulated their discourse beyond this argument, with Vox appealing to the emotions of the nation and Podemos positioning itself as the peoples’ advocate. Furthermore, a complementary strategy used by both the parties and their leaders has been identified, which fosters the expansion of these kinds of populist ideas.
- Where is the risk? Inter-reality comparison study of multiple-perpetrator rape assailants in Spain(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) Casabó-Ortí, M.A. (María Ángeles)This research paper aims to shed a critical light on the moral panic surrounding multiple-perpetrator rape (MPR) in Spain, by exploring the interplay between official statistics of this type of crime, and the depiction in the media. The concordance between media representation and the statistical reality of crime raises questions: (1) how multiple perpetrator assault and its assailants are represented in media narratives (content analysis) is examined, including the content, framing, and underlying themes within the media coverage, with a particular emphasis on the role of nationality, and (2) this representation is compared to official crime statistics (Ministry of Home Affairs report on crimes against sexual freedom and indemnity in Spain (detentions/accused) and the statistics of the sentences passed by various Spanish Provincial Courts between 2005 and 2020 from criminal justice data), and to what extent, they align. If they do not align, do news portrayals influence a moral panic? In conclusion, the idea of tabloid justice (Fox et al., 2001) is not present in the three largest Spanish daily newspapers from 2005 to 2021. There is a misrepresentation of non-Spanish nationalities having the highest rates, Romanians being underrepresented and the French being overrepresented. Media coverage perceives tourists as a certain danger, and is questioning the idea of certain non-Spanish immigrants as ‘folk devils.’
- Present and future of radio in Spain: an application of the Life Cycle Model to the industry(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) Robert-Agell, F. (Francesc); Bonet, M. (Montse)Radio in Spain has been losing audience and advertising year after year since 2012. Never before had the sector been through a moment like this, and it is especially relevant for Prisa Radio, Ábside Media and Atresmedia Radio. The theoretical framework of media economics, media management and ILC (Industry Life Cycle), applied to market data, has served to illuminate the resistant variables (dependent dual market, oligopolistic structure and use of star system appeal) that explain this moment in the sector’s life cycle. In this context, the improvement in the economic results of these companies that are in transition from the stage of maturity to defensive resistance, and which can lead to adaptation or obsolescence, is not a paradox. The findings of this research may help companies awaken to the fact that through strategic actions, there is still time to respond to the variables which lead to obsolescence.
- The Genesis and Self-Reliance of Indonesian Local Game Developers as the National Creative Workers in Contemporary Indonesia(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) Allifiansyah, S. (Sandy)This study examines the contemporary condition of Indonesian local game developers as a part of the national creative workers. The case study method is applied in parallel with the participant’s observation and the results were retrieved by exploring and comparing interviews and observation findings. The subjects of this study include state-related ministries (The Ministry of Manpower and The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy), 12 founders of the Indonesian first-generation local game developer studios, 10 experienced local game workers, and two representatives of the Indonesian Game Association as a labor union. The results figured out the characteristics of Indonesian local game developers as youth-subcultural movements and recent challenges of state patronage, incentives, and human resource issues. The situation forced them to survive and organize a supportive labor union as a major incubator platform and crowdfunding scheme in developing local games.
- Personal Agenda-Public Agenda Congruency: A Contingent Condition for Agenda-setting Effects(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) McCombs, M. (Maxwell); Rodríguez-Díaz, R. (Raquel)This paper focuses on the concept of the impact area as the intersection between the common issues of the personal agenda and the public agenda. Expanding the concept of agenda-setting effects, which focuses mainly on the relation between the public and media agendas, we have examined the congruity of the public agenda and the personal agenda as a contingent condition for the strength of these effects. The concept also distinguishes between the top-priority issues of the public and personal agendas, setting out that the general public’s search for information about these top-priority issues highlights the need for orientation. We used data from Spain to focus on the national elections (2011, 2015 and 2019), plus the beginning of the pandemic (2020). The study includes a content analysis of the El País daily newspaper for the four periods and a variety of surveys and representative electoral barometers. To those data we have added an analysis of the main search topics on Google Trends for each of the four years. The results reveal that variations in the relationship between the public and personal agendas are linked to the strength of the agenda-setting effect between the media and public agendas.
- Spain’s «national character» in «The Economist»(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) Breiner, J.G. (James Gerard); Arrese, Á. (Ángel)The image of a country conveyed by the international media is increasingly important in a globalised and interdependent world. Some of these international outlets have a special role to play in this process, and the British weekly The Economist is certainly one of them. For more than a century and a half, the publication founded by James Wilson in 1843 has been a reference for politicians, opinion leaders and businessmen around the world. For this reason, it is of particular interest to understand the magazine’s special way of contextualising news events in different latitudes from the perspective of each country’s ‘national character.’ From this perspective, we analyze the image of Spain offered by The Economist throughout its history from the understanding of the interest that has always had for the professionals of the British weekly the interpretation of current affairs in the context of the so-called ‘national character’ of a country. After the thematic analysis of nine supplements on Spain published by the weekly between 1972 and 2018, six features have been highlighted that would consistently configure the ‘national character’ of this country for the weekly. These six traits are: a country in transition; a diverse country; a festive, hospitable and tolerant country; a country with an inefficient administration; a country with a weak economy; and an artistic and unscientific country. A better understanding of these stable features can be of great importance for better managing a country’s international projection.
- Strategies of employer branding with temporary workers: Possibilities and obstacles towards their integration as branding ambassadors(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023) Bosovsky, G. (Guillermo); Rodríguez-Tarodo, A. (Almudena); Fernández-Beltrán, F. (Francisco)This study analyses temporary employees’ perceptions and experiences with respect to temporary employment companies (TECs), which contract them, and to the companies where they provide their services. Their level of possible integration in the strategies of employer branding in both types of companies is analysed. To that end, both the causes for their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with those companies have been studied and the temporary employee Net Promoter Score (eNPS) has been analysed in order to determine to what extent they may act as a company branding ambassador. This analysis has been carried out on the basis of two investigations conducted among employees from the same TEC before and after the Covid-19 pandemics, which has allowed us to count on a series of values to identify trends and, at the same time, to ascertain their impact on this type of employees caused by such a dramatic and global event as the recent pandemics started in 2020. With this in mind, we have reached a set of conclusions on how to improve the integration of this type of workers in companies through the improvement of internal communication and the strengthening of the corporative culture to foster their role as branding ambassadors in the companies where they operate.