REV - RILCE - 2022, 38.3
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/66708
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- La actualización del rol a través de la voz en la interacción de consultas médicas(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Hernández-Flores, N. (Nieves)The present paper explores the relationship between the concepts of voice (Bachtin) and role (Goffman 1961), and its consequences in the achievement of facework (Goffman 1967) in doctor-patient interaction. On the theoretical basis of Sociocultural Pragmatics (Bravo 2020), three extracts of primary care consultations in Galicia are submitted to a qualitative analysis. The results show that the interactants use voices that are characteristic of their respective roles as doctor and patient, but they exchange also their respective voices or turn to other external voices that are recontextualized in the specific situation. As a discursive strategy, the management of voices is part of the creation of facework, that is, politeness and selfface behaviors that confirm the interactants’ face role. In addition, the analysis shows that voice constitutes a discursive resource that contributes to the updating and redefinition of roles in the interaction.
- «Gracias por vuestra acogida y por vuestro esfuerzo». Los actos de agradecimiento dirigidos a las asociaciones de pacientes con enfermedades poco frecuentes(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Bañón-Hernández, A.M. (Antonio M.)The signature books constitute a very interesting material to study, quantitatively and qualitatively, the discourse of positive assessment directed towards patient groups. We have accessed one of them, to preferably analyze the acts of gratitude (n = 145). We have also included data and interpretations on acts of presentation and identification (n = 376), descriptive-evaluative acts (n = 36) and acts of commitment (n = 32). The study demonstrates the importance of emotions among the causes of gratitude, to the detriment of the scientific content of the macro-event analyzed. The preferred structure of the acts of gratitude is the one formed by independent nucleus or by nucleus more specifying of gratitude (with or without intensification). Little relevance is given to the recipients. On the other hand, the scarcity of acts of commitment is surprising. Lastly, the authors of the messages show a basic understanding of rare diseases, but there are also fundamental gaps and errors.
- Discurso académico sobre las «patologías del lenguaje». Entre prismas evaluativos y enfoques de significado y valor(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Fernández-Pérez, M. (Milagros)In this essay we will approach the position (stance) that defines the consideration of verbal disability in academic discourse/text. From assessment and categorical point of views that categorise pathologies in a negative way, focusing on what’s lacking, to descriptive approaches that consider the deficit active properties and that facilitate functional performance. Similarly and in parallel to these prescriptive-assessing and analytical-estimate stances, discursive-textual angles of a causalist nature that argue in a privative way about the organical origin of the dysfunction are also examined, an example being the dynamic angles that support the idea of a diversity of factors affecting the enactive nature of the pathologies. As well as giving context to these stances, this work will estimate the impact on the perception on language disorders in Clinical Linguistics.
- El discurso político-institucional sobre las enfermedades poco frecuentes: las agrupaciones valorativas en las iniciativas parlamentarias(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Asencio-Ibáñez, A.D. (Alberto D.)The 135 parliamentary initiatives (IP) on Rare Diseases (EPF) represent partially the political discourse say and attitude towards these pathologies, which according to the Government and the associations affect approximately three million citizens. The Critical Discourse Analysis applied of these initiatives and their corresponding sub-typologies (Control Function, Political Orientation Function and Institutional Declaration) throughout 7 legislatures allows us to observe the following: the political appropriation of the Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras (FEDER)’s message concerning rare diseases and the use of a series of valuation groups that express vagueness, a tenuous vindication and a lack of parliamentary responsibility. Also, these valuation groups show an apparent involvement that masks a distancing towards the disease, the patients and their families.
- Riesgo y peligro en los trastornos del juego: discursos sobre la ludopatía(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Kotátková, A. (Adéla); Salvador-Liern, V. (Vicent)To begin with, we confront the idea of risk with that of danger in the field of gambling: within the framework of a theory of action, taking a risk implies taking a bet that can be won or lost, such as in business or in the challenges that legendary heroes take on. That is the main reason of players’ attraction for the bets, as the sociologist Erving Goffman studied. Now, pathological gambling is a disorder Ludopathy is a mental-behavioral disorder that involves danger: an addiction to uncontrolled gambling with dire personal consequences. The methodology we apply examines three types of social discourses: regulative (legal, administrative, etc.) by which gambling is regulated in Spain; endogenous (testimony of the protagonists of this disorder); exogenous (social representations in literature, cinema or advertising). We propose the thesis that the seduction of immoderate risk endangers the mental health of compulsive gamblers and is a social trauma that different lobbies stimulate and public administrations try to control within the framework of a power struggle. On the other hand, we note that the data related to Spanish legislation regarding gambling has been modified in recent months and that in some respects its application is still in process at the present time.
- Tratamiento informativo del síndrome de la resignación. Un discurso sobre las familias refugiadas(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Mhanna-Mhanna, E. (Eman)This paper is part of the DIPURE project, in which researchers from the universities of Almería, Murcia and Cardenal Herrera of Valencia have examined the public discourse on refugees in Spain from different perspectives. On this occasion, our object of study combines migration and health, as we have dealt with the journalistic discourse on the resignation syndrome, which, according to the little research that has been done on it, only affects children who applied for asylum in Sweden. To examine the treatment of the resignation syndrome in the Spanish media, we observed a sample of the written press published from 2015, the year in which the number of refugees in the world began to increase considerably, until June 2021. The study is framed within the hypergenre known as social debate and the main results of the study are structured in three dimensions: the first affects space and time; the second, actors; and the third, evaluations and arguments.
- Narrativas del dolor: técnicas conversacionales y recursos de mitigación e intensificación(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Ciapuscio, G.E. (Guiomar Elena)The article is framed in previous studies on oral narratives, specifically, in approaches that conceive conversational activities as a process of (co) construction of the interlocutors (Gülich/ Schöndienst/Surmann; Gülich 2007). I intend to advance in the knowledge of the forms of narrative reconstruction that are used to report cardiac crises, and in the formulation procedures to represent them (Gülich/Kotschi; Brünner/Gülich; Ciapuscio 2003). On the other hand, I study the linguistic resources to verbalize the intensity – mitigation or intensification – of pain and associated symptoms (Mihatsch/Albelda; Albelda/Mihatsch). The exemplary analysis is based on a corpus of six admission interviews between cardiologists and patients, which took place in a public hospital in the Greater Buenos Aires.
- La voz del experto y la voz del paciente en la narración de la pandemia: la construcción discursiva de la COVID persistente(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Calvi, M.V. (Maria Vittoria)This paper aims to explore the role of personal narratives of long COVID patients within the discursive landscape of the media and social networks. The study is based on a flexible notion of personal narrative, understood as a diffuse and scalar modality (Page) and as a social practice, i.e. as a social activity within a given context, in which different relations of power and ideology converge (De Fina). After defining the features of journalistic news on Facebook, using a socio-cognitive approach to discursive genres (Bhatia; Carranza 2012; Hanks), I will analyse some news about long COVID and the different narrative accounts introduced by both journalists and participants in the virtual communities. Among the results, we will highlight the prominence of the personal narrative in the social debate around health and in the discursive construction of a new disease (Bañón Hernández).
- Las anomalías precoces de la continuidad en el discurso constituyen biomarcadores predictivos de psicosis(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Figueroa-Barra, A.I. (Alicia I.); León-Bustos, M.E. (María Elena); Gaspar-Ramos, P. (Pablo)Language is being systematized as an area of clinical research because it contains features that function as a biomarker for the prediction of psychosis. The aim of the study was to contrast two types of continuity features such as connection, iteration, and referential distance, and, on the other hand, those of verbal fluency, understood as the presence of aberrant pauses. Clinical interviews of 10 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 10 CHR and 10 healthy controls were analyzed. For the analysis of referentiality, sentence windows were selected and for verbal fluency, 15 minutes of speech were considered. The results suggest the presence of abnormalities in referentiality and verbal fluency among the CHR population. These similarities are found in terms of occurrence and similarity to those of the schizophrenia group, which supports our hypothesis that they are predictive biomarkers.
- Voz y discurso en salud mental: esquemas diagnósticos en conflicto en un análisis de caso(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Bonnin, J.E. (Juan Eduardo)In this article we present a case of misdiagnosis in mental health that started in the admission interview and lasted for a year of treatment. To interpret the causes of this error, and based on a collaborative process with the mental health team, we use two theoretical categories: “discourse” (understood as the set of semiotic and semantic regularities that correspond to a social field, as in “medical discourse”, etc.) and “voice” (understood as the singular product of the articulation between multiple discourses throughout the biographical trajectory of a person). Methodologically, we use the descriptive tools of conversation analysis in a heterogeneous corpus that goes through the different stages of diagnosis and treatment. The analysis shows the effect of psychoanalytic discourse, which selects some aspects of the patient’s voice while ignoring others, arriving at a diagnosis of conversion disorder (“hysteria”) and preventing another, of progressive aphasia. In the end, the potential of interaction studies for the diagnostic process and some implications of the case for the field of discourse analysis are discussed.