REV - Communication & Society - Volumen 32, N. 1 (2019)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/42846

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    The use of hypertextuality, multimedia, interactivity and updating on the websites of Spanish political parties
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) García-Rosales, D. F. (Daniel-Francisco); Abuín-Vences, N. (Natalia)
    This work presents the results of a research aiming to analyze the presence of the four cardinal points of the cyberspace (hypertextuality, multimedia, interactivity and updating) in the Spanish political parties’ websites. These parameters determine the effectiveness of the communication in a web space, and until what extent political formations use them to connect with their audiences in the digital environment. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the content of the websites of the political groups with parliamentary representation has been carried out. The results confirm the absence of tools and resources related to these characteristics in the web spaces under study. The use of hypertext, beyond its simpler structure, and the use of multimedia elements is scarce. The possibilities of interaction between different users and political parties are minimal. The information published and the level of updating of the contents is insufficient. The conclusions allow us to affirm that there is a lack of exploitation of the possibilities offered by the web to promote communication and interaction with users by different political groups.
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    Does Basque Have a Future? Implications of Hegemonic Languages for Audiovisual Consumption by Adolescents
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) Fernández-de- Arroyabe-Olartua, A. (Ainhoa); Eguskiza-Sesumaga, L. (Leyre)
    This article analyses the consumption of audiovisual content in the Basque language by adolescents in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa and the influence of hegemonic languages on two levels: Spanish as the dominant language in a bilingual society, in which linguistic competence in Basque does not translate into its use; and an audiovisual industry in which English and Spanish are the dominant languages. For this study, surveys were completed by 2,426 students in the compulsory secondary school system (ages 12 -16) enrolled in either the “Model B” language stream (half in Basque and half in Spanish) or the “Model D” language stream (Basque as the language of instruction) at 60 schools across the province. Cluster sampling was used, stratified with proportional allocation in order to obtain data on the seven regions of Gipuzkoa. Audiovisual consumption was examined mainly in five significant areas: cinema, television, news, sports and the Internet. Special attention was also given to the use of subtitles when viewing fiction content. The study found that adolescents in Gipuzkoa consume audiovisual content mainly in Spanish, although not all to the same degree, as there is considerable variation between regions. Affectivity in relation to the language is a key aspect for interpreting the results of this research.
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    Audiovisual content with advertising intention in children’s videos on YouTube: the case of the Soy Luna series
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) Pavez, I. (Isabel); Fernández, B. (Beatriz)
    Advertising on the web has taken new forms (Malin, 2011; Susarla, Oh & Tan, 2012). In this context, videos which appear playful but which have an advertising objective, have positioned themselves as the new trend (Craig & Duncan, 2017; Marsh, 2015) and have penetrated the web space for an increasing number of Internet users, particularly among children (Davies, Coleman & Livingstone, 2014). However, the type and variety of videos with advertising intention that YouTube leads users to when searching for generic audiovisual content for children’s audience is unclear. This paper uses a mixed methods approach to analyze the content and visuals present in undercover advertising videos from a sample of 143 videos prompted by the keywords Soy Luna, a popular Disney Channel series. The main findings are that three types of sources provide this type of content, namely official channels, YouTubers channels devoting space to the series and its merchandising, and to a greater extent toy exhibition channels. Also, the format appearance and characteristics of the videos make it difficult for users to tell them apart from advertising, as they introduce a novel narrative, incorporate playful twists and appear to be associated to the series. These features go beyond the use of YouTube standardized advertising formats, such as graphic ads, overlays or advertising spots which can be skipped.
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    Re-building the Idea of Being a Woman. The Audiovisual Legacy of Lila Crane
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) Sánchez, L. (Laura)
    This article gives a historical perspective on the route traced by women investigators in Hollywood audiovisual narrative. The starting point and main focus of the thrilling detective story at the heart of the enigma regarding being a woman is the character of Lila Crane (Hitchcock’s Psycho, 1960). The split structure of this horror film masterpiece, defined by literary reviews as a classic example of a tale of modernity, offers a subversive view of women’s issues in audiovisual discourse. To assess the audiovisual legacy of Lila, we selected a series of audiovisual texts which draw attention to a cultural dialogue with this modern character. A two-fold trend can be seen in these references: the confrontation between a progressive audiovisual narrative and a retro-narrative aimed at restraining the progress of this rule-breaking archetype.
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    Noticiari de Barcelona (1977-1980): The Institutionalisation of Protest in the Cinema of Spain’s Transition to Democracy
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) Nieto-Ferrando, J. (Jorge)
    The films produced during the political transition to democracy in Spain continue to capture the interest of film analysts and historians. However, beyond the realm of fiction films, there are still many areas that have received little attention, such as the attempts to develop newsreels for cinemas once the monopoly of the Francoist No-Do newsreels had ended. This study focuses on the Noticiari de Barcelona newsreel series produced between 1977 and 1980, specifically analysing its content and its discourse. The importance of this newsreel series lies in three main factors: because it constituted one of the first steps towards the development of a Catalan film industry after the end of the dictatorship (in the midst of a debate in Spain over the need to establish autonomous film industries for each of the country’s different regions); because of the attempt it constituted to establish a local audiovisual news product in clear opposition to the No-Do newsreels; and because of its adoption of some of the themes, discursive strategies and objectives attributed to many of the independent political films of the period. All of these factors determined the content and discourse of the newsreels, and gave them an orientation that was more persuasive than strictly informative.
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    A review of scene and sequence concepts
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) Figuero-Espadas, J. (Javier)
    This research aims to review the concepts of scenes and sequences from the teachings of masters in screenwriting. This objective stems from a descriptive methodological perspective: we propose to study some elements of the communication process of cinema and television narrative through scenes and sequences, defining both concepts and applying these notions to a particular audiovisual text through case analysis. Analysis will confirm that experts refer to the term scene for different realities, generating confusion among audiovisual narrative scholars. We propose a distinction of the term scene into two different concepts: the scene and the narrative scene, which, in fact, are two different parts. As far as the sequence notion is concerned, there is enough consensus regarding its constitutive nature, although there are interesting nuances among authors, some of whom emphasize the relevance of the central conflict, whilst others emphasize the completeness of the event in the sequence. Employing the case method, the theoretical notions studied here are applied to a Pilot episode of Breaking Bad, in order to contribute to the elucidation of the concepts, the object of this investigation, and verify the coherence of the proposal.
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    Suárez and Calvo-Sotelo on the small screen: a compared study of the television leadership during the democratic Transition in Spain (1976-1982)
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) Martín-Jiménez, V. (Virginia); Peláz-López, J.V. (José-Vidal)
    Between 1976 and 1982, Spain lived an intense political and media context in the process of transition to democracy. During this period, video-politics broke out and it influenced the way politics were conducted and the leadership of politicians. Throughout those years, two presidents led the process of change: Adolfo Suárez and Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo. Two different leaders: in their way of “doing politics” and in the way in which they used television to connect with society. This paper offers an analysis of, firstly, how both politicians understood their relationship with public television (TVE) and, secondly, what formats they used and the discourse of the television broadcasts that they starred in. To answer these questions, we conducted a thorough review of the existing literature on the topic, the published testimonies of protagonists, the Calvo-Sotelo archive, a content analysis of Televisión Española’s archives and the press published during Transition. The findings of this study clearly indicate that TVE marked the evolution of both presidents who, from the beginning, put in place different strategies to match their work from the Executive using public television. On the other hand, the shadow of Suarez and the way in which he had used television during the Transition, did not abandon Calvo-Sotelo whose decisions of media leadership were always aimed at countering the weight of the Suárez’s legacy.
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    Towards a film literacy canon: identification and multicultural analysis of the contents used in film education with pre-university students in Spain
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) Moya-Jorge, T. (Tamara)
    In the absence of a state film education plan in Spain, there are numerous initiatives operating in the field of both formal and non-formal education, the aim of which is pedagogy through cinema and about cinema. The European Commission has established the identification of a pantheon of authors of which knowledge is compulsory (canonical competence) as one of the four necessary competencies of this film literacy. This article aims to identify this canon promoted by the entities operating outside the formal curriculum and within the different contexts of non-formal education with early, primary and secondary education students in Spain. For this purpose, 65 entities (N=65) –educational centers, regional programs, museums, film libraries, film clubs, festivals, associations and foundations– have been catalogued and consulted for the first time in the different provinces of Spain. Among the results, 194 film titles and 142 names of directors used by those entities involved in image pedagogy in Spain have been collected. From a multicultural point of view, the analysis of the results points to the promotion of a biological approach to the history of universal cinema, in which national cinematography does not find a place. The primacy of North American and French productions is observed, as well as the absence of images with which to work on historical memory in Spain.
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    The Spontaneous Video and its Impact on the Digital Press
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019) Fernández-Martínez, R. G. (Ricardo-G.)
    Most of us now have instant access mobile phones with integrated cameras so we are able to record an unplanned video at any time and place within a matter of seconds. Modern technology has provided us with the ability to create spontaneous videos. Spontaneous videos are a new way of portraying our society and communicating events and, by means of the internet and web 2.0 applications, they have the potential to reach every corner of the globe, form an integral part of mass media news reports, and influence public opinion. This study establishes the basis for identifying and understanding the spontaneous video, analysing its application in video activism and citizen journalism, and investigating its impact on the digital press. To this end, we have analysed spontaneous videos created and shared online by IES Lluís Vives students in Valencia on the 15th of February, 2012. Students held a protest on this date against education cuts carried out by the Valencian Community government in Spain. The resulting spontaneous videos had a great impact on the media and were reported by Spanish digital newspapers including El País, El Mundo, La Razón, ABC and Público.