REV - Communication & Society - Volumen 31, N. 3 (2018)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/42845

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    Searching for climate change consensus in broadsheet newspapers. Editorial policy and public opinion
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Blanco-Castilla, E. (Elena); Teruel-Rodríguez, L. (Laura); Martín-Molina, V. (Víctor)
    The premise behind this paper is that, in order to reach social consensus on climate change, there must be consensus on the media first. This research study focuses on the search for consensus values in the editorial discourses of five proven influential broadsheet newspapers in their context and internationally, such as The Guardian, Le Monde, El País, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and The New York Times. These newspapers have published 535 opinion editorials on climate change over a 14-year period: from the Kyoto Summit in 1997 to the Durban Climate Change Conference in 2011. The methodology involves both frames and quantitative analyses. This research aims to detect the main actors and factors that influence editorial discourse, as politics and economic sources are most likely to be predominant (H1), and draw lines of possible consensus among the different media analysed (H2). The analysis shows how the political and economic connotations in editorial discourses were sometimes to the detriment of scientific and expert discourse, and the differences among countries. However, the research also underscores essential positions in common, such as the acceptance of climate change and its anthropogenic origin, or the criticism of the states’ inability to reach joint solutions to the problem.
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    Fact-checking and scrutiny of power: Supervision of public discourses in new media platforms from Latin America
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Palau-Sampio, D. (Dolors)
    Fact-checking has experienced substantial growth in recent years, as a technique aimed to monitor public discourse, at a time when the dissemination of fake news or the loss of media quality and credibility has reached worrying levels. This article analyzes nine projects launched since 2010 in half a dozen Latin American countries, representative of an emerging ecosystem in a region facing problems to achieve genuine media democracy. From a qualitative and quantitative approach, this research compares the work methodology and the evaluation models presented by the digital platforms, as well as the topics and actors that are subject to examination. The study highlights the aim of these projects, independent of traditional media, to evaluate statements on the most relevant issues of the sociopolitical agenda of their countries and public representatives. The importance of these platforms is reflected in the fact that only two in ten checks from the sample can be considered true, almost half of those identified as false and of those presenting some kind of inaccuracy. The analysis reveals significant differences when carrying out the verifications and presenting the results, with options for improvement in the number of sources, the inclusion of expert voices and audiovisual resources, or the interaction with readers. The Argentinian platform Chequeado appears as a reference model in this context
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    Understanding the emergence of infectious diseases: Social representations and mass media
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (Nahia); Gil-de-Montes, L. (Lorena); Valencia, J. (José)
    The present study examines social representations of the threat created by emerging infectious diseases. A free association experiment was carried out in which the stimulus was a news item where the framing of a discourse (human interest vs. attribution of responsibility) was manipulated. Results showed that the human interest discourse sparked off representations linked to vulnerability, while the responsibility discourse produced representations concerning preventive health care promoted by the authorities. Even so, the effect of the discourse was limited and showed that the new information is anchored in previous interpretive schemes. Implications of mass media on health communication are considered.
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    Do Spanish political leaders interact with the media and journalists via Twitter?
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Mendiguren-Galdospín, T. (Terese); Pérez-Dasilva, J. (Jesús); Meso-Ayerdi, K. (Koldobica)
    This paper analyses how the four candidates for prime minister in the 2016 Spanish general elections interacted with journalists and media professionals via Twitter, a social media platform considered by various experts (Bakshy et al., 2011) to be a “natural laboratory” for the study of patterns of information dissemination. NodeXL software, a well known open source social network analysis tool (Hansen et al., 2010), was used to capture activity corresponding to Twitter accounts maintained by these candidates and to identify the protagonists of online dialogues maintained during the election campaign as well as the characteristics and content of the messages they exchanged. Semantic relationships in the text and hashtags present in tweets were examined carefully in order to identify patterns of meaning. Findings indicate that the four politicians in question made a minimal effort to interact with journalists and media professionals via Twitter during the run-up to the 2016 elections. Analysis reveals that all used their Twitter accounts as an additional means of promoting their candidacies and publicizing party-related activities rather than a forum for discussing issues in depth. None appeared to be willing to enter into debates with journalists or the media through this particular social networking platform.
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    The animated video as a tool for political socialization on the intelligence services
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Real-Castrillo, C. (Cristina del); Díaz-Fernández, A. (Antonio M.)
    In secrecy for decades, the terrorist attacks of in 2001 in the heart of our cities have brought the intelligence services and their role in the fight against terrorism closer to a large sector of the population. Post 9/11 studies have shown how knowledge helps to mitigate stress. In this project, the process of preparing two animated videos is described. They offer material to parents and educators that will help to inform young people that, alongside the police and the military, there is another democratic institution with people in charge of protecting them. The field work was conducted with 455 students of between 8 and 16 years old from various Spanish cities. In all, 83% of students considered that the story was of interest as well as the way it was communicated. In conclusion, the animated videos were seen by the schoolchildren as an appropriate means of communicating the role of security institutions.
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    Independencia de los políticos y participación de los ciudadanos: dos demandas del Servicio Público Audiovisual en el entorno digital en España
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Ortega-Mohedano, F. (Félix); Azurmendi, A. (Ana); Muñoz-Saldaña, M. (Mercedes)
    La independencia del poder político de los medios, especialmente de las televisiones públicas, es una reivindicación generalizada tanto por parte de sus profesionales como de los ciudadanos. Desde las instituciones europeas y también desde al academia se apela al papel esencial que juega la independencia del poder político para que las televisiones públicas cumplan su misión de servicio público. en algunos casos (Hortz 2016, Hasebrink 2012, Carpentier 2011) se considera que la participación ciudadana en niveles decisorios de las corporaciones públicas hace más eficaz el esfuerzo por la independencia en estos medios. En este contexto, la investigación realizada ha tenido los siguientes objetivos: a) Obtener evidencias de la demanda de los ciudadanos -jóvenes y adultos- sobre la independencia de los medios públicos y sobre su valoración acerca del grado de independencia de las televisiones públicas españolas; b) obtener evidencias acerca de su percepción, tanto sobre la posibilidad de participar en el gobierno de las televisiones públicas, como de su uso de los canales existentes de participación. Y a partir de aquí se ha buscado verificar la relación entre la participación del público en órganos decisorios de los medios de comunicación (como herramienta de gobernanza) y la reputación del medio público. Para cubrir estos objetivos, se ha realizado un estudio de campo con una muestra de 1000 personas, entre jóvenes y adultos de las Comunidades Autónomas de Galicia, País Vasco, Andalucía, Cataluña y Madrid
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    The “Miró Decree” and its impact on the production of films dealing with ETA violence (1983-1989)
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Martínez-Álvarez, J. (Josefina)
    In 1982 the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) came to power and put into place an ambitious cultural policy that had a considerable effect on the film industry. In 1983 the so-called “Miró Decree” was enacted. It offered generous measures to promote film production and establish a solid framework for the industry. At the same time, regional governments issued laws to boost the cinema. Both initiatives enabled debut directors to make more committed and personal films. Our work analyses the impact of this legislation on the films that addressed the dramatic theme of ETA terrorism; films that could be made thanks to committed support from central and regional governments. It also looks into how these projects were accepted by Spanish society. The films share common elements such as the way the directors distance themselves from displaying a heroic image of terrorists or a one-dimensional point of view on the Spanish police, while passing judgement on the social and economical crisis that coincided with the beginning of the Transition to democracy. Only four out of the twelve films shot during those six years did well at the box office, tripling their official costs. The rest did not elicit much audience interest, although they paved the way for a new generation of film directors and also established to some extent firmer foundations for the film industry, as was the goal of the Decree.
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    Mass cultural communication: the case of the Cervantes Institute and its digital diplomacy via Twitter
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Rubio-Núñez, R. (Rafael); Prieto-Gutiérrez, J. (Juan José)
    The Cervantes Institute and its branches abroad have become a powerful tool of cultural diplomacy and representation of Brand Spain across the world. Founded in ‘90s, the institution has developed many online communication platforms, making it the most forward-looking and far-reaching institution in its field. The aim of this study is to analyse how the Cervantes Institute communicates through its network of Twitter accounts during a determined period. To this end, two studies were conducted: a quantitative analysis of the tweets (n = 13.913) from the institution’s accounts (during the period 01/01/2017 - 06/31/2017) and an analysis of the content of the tweets (during the month of September 2017) (n = 3.014). We concluded that the use of Twitter as a communication tool by the Cervantes Institute is a reality. Its 48 accounts, with more than 330,000 followers, not only reach people where they are physically located, but also anywhere worldwide. The tweets it disseminates are eminently educational and cultural, showing that, thanks to social media, interesting digital diplomacy actions are undertaken at the service of Spanish public diplomacy.
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    The impact of global platforms on media competition and on the results of European communication companies
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018) Rodríguez-Castro, M. (Marta); Aguilera-Moyano, M. (Miguel de); Campos-Freire, F. (Francisco)
    The market value and capitalization of traditional media companies have dropped dramatically in the last five years. This is due to the evolution of digital platforms and the emergence of global communications mega-corporations that have since absorbed the distribution of new information and entertainment content. It is also a consequence of the aggregation of value-added services generated through incessant innovation. Communications mega-corporations, the GAFANs (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple and Netflix), and audiovisual and telecommunications platforms reached market capitalizations ranging from 56% to 170% in the last five years (2012-17) respectively, whilst those of traditional media did not exceed 75 percent. Asymmetries on competition regulations against traditional media and the political alarm ignited by the so-called fake news or scandals due to the mishandling of users data awakened the European states and the EU about the urgency of filling the legal gap existing around the development of such platforms, particularly in order to demand rules and responsibilities comparable to those that apply to editorial groups.