REV - Scientia et Fides - Vol 9, Nº2 (2021)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/58800
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- ¿Incapaces de Dios?(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Moros-Claramunt, E. (Enrique)José Cobo sostiene que la visión del mundo del hombre contemporáneo no le permite creer en el sentido en que creían los primeros cristianos. Y argumenta que la principal causa de esa visión ha sido el desarrollo de la ciencia empírica. Aquí se sostiene que en realidad la causa puede ser mejor descrita como una equivocación antropológica, que conlleva un déficit metafísico. Por otro lado, rectificamos ciertos recursos intelectuales con los que se pretende salir de esta situación.
- Do we Need a Plant Theodicy?(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Strickland, L. (Lloyd)In recent decades, philosophers and theologians have become increasingly aware of the extent of animal pain and suffering, both past and present, and of the challenge this poses to God’s goodness and justice. As a result, a great deal of effort has been devoted to the discussion and development of animal theodicies, that is, theodicies that aim to offer morally sufficient reasons for animal pain and suffering that are in fact God’s reasons. In this paper, I ask whether there is a need to go even further than this, by considering whether effort should be made to extend theodicy to include plants as well. Drawing upon ideas found in some recent animal theodicies as well as in the work of some environmental ethicists, I offer three arguments for supposing that plants should indeed fall within the purview of theodicy: (1) the argument from non-flourishing as evil, (2) the argument from moral considerability, and (3) the argument from intrinsic value. I also consider a possible objection to each of these arguments. Having outlined and defended the aforementioned arguments for broadening theodicy to include plants as well as humans and animals, I conclude by considering what a plant theodicy might look like.
- Political Theology as Theodicy: The Holy Spirit’s Performance in the Economy of Redemption(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Grassi, M. (Martín)Although Political Theology examined mainly the political dimension of the relationship between God-Father and God-Son, it is paramount to consider the political performance of the Holy Spirit in the Economy of Redemption. The Holy Spirit has been characterized as the binding cause and the principle of relationality both referring to God’s inner life and to God’s relationship with His creatures. As the personalization of relationality, the Holy Spirit performs a unique task: to bring together what is apart by means of organisation. This power of the Spirit to turn a plurality into a unity is manifested in the Latin translation of oikonomía as disposition, that is, giving a special order to the multiple elements within a certain totality. Within this activity of the Spirit, Theodicy can be regarded as the way to depict God’s arrangement of the world and of history, bringing everything together towards the eschatological Kingdom of God. The paper aims at showing this fundamental activity of the Holy Spirit in Christian Theology, and intends to pose the question on how to think on a theology beyond theodicy, that is, how to think on a Trinitarian God beyond the categories of sovereignty and totalization.
- Divine Universal Causality and the Particular Problem of Hell: A Quiescence Solution(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Wood, A. (Adam)I call the Particular Problem of Hell (PPH) the problem of explaining why God allows a certain set of created persons to populate hell, as opposed to allowing some other set of created persons to do so. This paper proposes a solution to PPH on behalf of proponents of Divine Universal Causality (DUC) — the view, roughly, that God causes everything distinct from himself to exist at any time it exists. Despite initial appearances, I argue, proponents of DUC can adopt a version of the popular approach to the Problem of Hell sometimes called the Choice Model. My proposal is based upon Eleonore Stump's Thomistically-inspired notion that our wills can enter a state of "quiescence" with respect to a given option. While proponents of DUC will, I argue, most likely find Stump's own quiescence-based solution to PPH unacceptable, there is a way of modifying her approach that renders it compatible with God's causing everything distinct from himself, including the free choices of his creatures.
- Second-person Perspective inInterdisciplinary Research: A Cognitive Approach for Understanding and Improving the Dynamics ofCollaborative Research Teams(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Vanney, C.E. (Claudia E.); Aguinalde-Sáenz, J.I. (Juan Ignacio)In this paper, we argue that to reverse the excess of specialization and to create room for interdisciplinary crossfertilization, it seems necessary to move the existing epistemic plurality towards acollaborative process of social cognition. In order to achieve this, we propose to extend the psychological notion of joint attention towards what we call joint intellectual attention. This special kind of joint attention involves ashared awareness of sharing the cognitive process of knowledge. We claim that if an interdisciplinary research team aspires to work collaboratively, it is essential for the researchers to jointly focus their attention towards acommon object and establish asecondperson relatedness among them. We consider some of the intellectual dispositions or virtues fostered by joint intellectual attention that facilitate interdisciplinary exchange and explore some of the practical consequences of this cognitive approach to interdisciplinarity for education and research.
- La acción humana: una propuesta integral para el diálogo interdisciplinar sobrelapersonalidad(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Martínez-Mares, M. (Miriam); Orón-Semper, J.V. (José Víctor)La necesidad de categorizar la personalidad es recurrente en estudios filosóficos, teológicos y, especialmente, psicológicos. No obstante, la falta de diálogo entre las distintas disciplinas da lugar a análisis que parecen dividir la realidad humana en ‘partes’, a menudo incompatibles entre sí. Atendiendo a este problema, el presente artículo propone el análisis integral de la acción humana (el modo en el que la persona se actualiza) buscando a una parametrización psicológica más ajustada a la complejidad de la personalidad. Partiendo de la visión integral de la acción, el aspecto comportamental y mental humanos comúnmente estudiados, se advierten como insuficientes y se amplía el horizonte con la referencia a la interioridad. Se pretende alcanzar una visión más acertada de la complejidad de la acción humana. La interioridad, parametrizada como identidad personal, intención relacional y posicionamiento existencial, reclama una lectura renovada y relacionada de la psicología, la filosofía y la teología.
- Gratitude to God: Jonathan Edwards andthe Opening of the Self(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Strobel, K. (Kyle)The study of gratitude has become an increasingly important topic among psychologists to address the nature of human flourishing. Of more recent interest is how gratitude to God specifically functions within an account of human flourishing, with theologians seeking to provide adistinctively Christian account of the nature of gratitude. This article enters into the ongoing conversation by attending to Jonathan Edwards’s (1703–1758) theological anthropology and development of natural and supernatural gratitude. In particular, Edwards’s anthropology includes within it an account of how the self can, and should, enlarge to receive another in love. This “enlargement” is the creaturely mirror of God’s self-giving and is the supernatural response to the creature who has received God’s grace and been infused with divine love. As asupernatural response based on God’s action in the soul, this account of gratitude differs from its natural counterpart. In keeping with Edwards’s account, therefore, there is aneed to develop studies that differentiate natural and supernatural gratitude. Furthermore, this article ends with asuggestion for astudy that could pick up this task based on recent psychological studies that attend to how gratitude affects selfrelation. On Edwards’s account of the enlargement of the self, as well as his notion of supernatural gratitude, there is meaningful research to be done on how these can help assess development in the formation of gratitude and human flourishing.
- The Dialogical Self Analogy for the Godhead: Recasting the “God is aPerson” Debate(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Harrower, S. (Scott)May God may be understood and referred to as a“person”? This is alive debate in contemporary theological and philosophical circles. However, despite the attention this debate has received, the vital question of how to account for God’s trinitarian nature has been mostly overlooked. Due to trinitarian concerns about the unqualified use of “person” as an analogy for the Godhead, Iintervene in this debate with atwofold proposal. The first is that proponents of using aperson as an analogy for the Godhead will be better served by using apsychologically informed analogy of a“self” instead. In particular, the Dialogical Self model of aperson holds much promise. In what follows, Iargue that the “Dialogical Self Analogy” for the Godhead is more likely to uphold God’s trinitarian nature, avoid trinitarian confusion and related problems than “person” analogies do. The primary benefit of speaking of God as aDialogical Self is that it offers apsychologically modelled analogy for God, whilst avoiding the language of person, yet strongly taking into account God’s trinitarian nature. This has the important benefit of preserving the concept and language of “person” for the trinitarian persons (the prosopa/hypostases), and hence avoiding the linguistic, conceptual and ecumenical confusion that arises when referring to the Godhead as aperson. The strength of using the model and language of aDialogical Self as an analogy for the Godhead (instead of person) is demonstrated by showing its compatibility with Erickson’s criteria for describing the Trinity.
- ¿La comunicabilidad operativa de la persona requiere su comunicabilidad ontológica? Discusión sobre un dogma filosófico de nuestro tiempo(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Roldán, J.P. (Juan Pablo)La idea de que una filosofía de la persona substancialista e individualista ha atravesado toda la metafísica occidental y ha constituido un obstáculo para pensar la comunión y la intersubjetividad, se ha convertido en un lugar común del pensamiento contemporáneo. Se problematiza aquí esta perspectiva. Se sugiere que sus distintas formulaciones, muy variadas, obedecieron aun argumento similar, dependiente también de fundamentos teóricos muy cercanos entre sí. Se compara este planteo con el del personalismo ontológico y se evalúan los resultados del intento llamado “postmetafísico” de alcanzar una filosofía de la comunión superando el humanismo. Autores variados como Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Freud, Heidegger, Foucault, Vattimo, Esposito, Butler, Scheler, entre otros, son referidos para ilustrar el debate.
- The Concept of Virtue after the Character-Situation Debate(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2021) Szutta, N. (Natasza)The article focuses on acurrent debate in contemporary ethics between socalled situationists and the advocates of virtue ethics. The fundamental assumption made by virtue ethics is that developing and perfecting one’s moral character or moral virtues warrants one’s morally good action. Situationists claim that this assumption contradicts the results of the latest empirical studies. From this observation they conclude that virtue ethics is based on an empirically inadequate moral psychology. In the first part of the article, Ipresent the conceptions of virtue and moral character developed in response to the situationist critique. Ishow to which degree these conceptions differ from the classical, socalled global approach in virtue ethics. In the second part, based on the latest empirical studies in social and cognitive psychology, Iargue, against the situationist objection, that the classical notion of virtue meets the requirement of empirical adequacy. Imainly resort to the interactionist theory of personality by W. Mischel, R. Baumeister’s studies over selfcontrol, D. Kahneman’s dualprocessing theory of the mind, and the studies over automatized processes by J. Bargh.