Artículos de revista (ETSA)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/70272
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- Occupant-Facade interaction: a review and classification scheme(Elsevier, 2020) Sin Autoridad; Loonen, R. (Roel); Juaristi, M. (Miren); Monge-Barrio, A. (Aurora)The interest in occupant interaction with building controls and automation systems is growing due to the wider availability of embedded sensing devices and automated or intelligent building components that can integrate building control strategies with occupant-centred data and lead to greater occupant satisfaction and reduction in energy consumption. An area of particular interest is the interaction strategies between occupants and the so called automated facades, such as dynamic shading devices and switchable glazing. Occupant-Facade interactions are often disruptive and source of dissatisfaction because of conflicts between competing requirements, e.g. energy-efficiency and indoor environmental quality. To solve these conflicts, expertise from several disciplines is required, including Behavioural Science and Building Physics, but the absence of common research frameworks impedes knowledge transfer between different fields of expertise. This paper reviews existing multi-disciplinary research on occupant interaction with facades, buildings and automation systems and provides a new classification scheme of Occupant-Facade interaction. The scheme is based on an extensive review of interactive scenarios between occupants and facades that are summarised in this paper. The classification scheme was found to be successful in: 1) capturing the multidisciplinary nature of interactive scenarios by clarifying relationships between components; 2) identifying similarities and characteristics among interactive scenarios; 3) understanding research gaps. The classification scheme proposed in this paper has the potential to be a useful tool for the multi-disciplinary research community in this field. The review also showed that more research is needed to characterise the holistic and multi-disciplinary effect of occupant interaction with intelligent building components.
- Brand Building: The Case of Collaboration Between Javier Carvajal and Loewe(Palgrave Macmillan, 2019) Josa-Martínez, M.E. (María Eugenia); Villanueva-Fernández, M. (María); Cantista, I. (Isabel)
- Eclecticismo, apertura y reflexión. El diseño interior a través de las revistas de arquitectura españolas 1925-1936(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024) Villanueva-Fernández, M. (María); García-Diego, H. (Héctor)Con la llegada de la modernidad, el arquitecto adquiere un papel protagonista en la escena del interior y del mueble. Las nuevas propuestas procedentes de Europa diseñadas por arquitectos internacionales comienzan a introducirse en España a través de las publicaciones periódicas de arquitectura. Las revistas nacionales se hacen eco de estos contenidos y se convierten en el vehículo propicio para la difusión de las nuevas formas. Esta investigación, realizada a partir del estudio de los artículos publicados por once revistas de arquitectura españolas entre 1925 y 1936, persigue, por un lado, proporcionar una perspectiva global sobre la evolución del interés en el diseño interior en España entre 1925 y 1936 y, por otro lado, reflexionar acerca del papel del arquitecto en el desarrollo y difusión del interior y el equipamiento modernos.
- «Che tutto sia visibile da ogni punto» / «Let everything be seen from everywhere»(Thymos Books, 2024-10) Tárrago-Mingo, J. (Jorge); Cidoncha-Pérez, A.J. (Antonio José)
- Exploring indoor thermal comfort and its causes and consequences amid heatwaves in a Southern European city—An unsupervised learning approach(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Arriazu-Ramos, A. (Ainhoa); Monge-Barrio, A. (Aurora); López-Hernández, D. (Dolores); Gamero-Salinas, J. (Juan); González-Martinez, P. (Purificación); Sánchez-Ostiz, A. (Ana)This study investigates indoor thermal comfort during heatwaves in dwellings of the Southern European city of Pamplona, Spain. Utilizing K-means and Hierarchical clustering, it explores clustering patterns from occupants’ survey responses (n = 189) to thermal comfort-related questions (i.e. day and night thermal sensation, thermal satisfaction and thermal preference) as well as causal links (i.e. indoor temperatures, building/occupant features) and consequences (i.e. sleep quality, heat-related symptoms) of such clusterings. Both unsupervised learning techniques coherently revealed two groups: the comfortable and uncomfortable clusters. Uncomfortable occupants coherently experience more sensation to heat, greater preference for cooler temperatures, and more thermal dissatisfaction, especially during daytime hours. Dwellings of comfortable occupants experience median indoor temperatures ranging 25.7–26 ◦C; dwellings of uncomfortable occupants 27.4 ◦C, with median temperatures above 28 ◦C during 15:00–23:00 and 23:00–07:00 periods. Discomfort or overheating—coherently expressed by the thermally uncomfortable cluster—is alleviated by multiple factors related to the presence of active cooling technologies in all rooms, and use of passive and low-energy cooling measures (e,g. fans); exacerbated by heatwave conditions. As coherently expressed by the uncomfortable cluster heat worsens the sleep quality of occupants (3 to 6-fold) and increases the likelihood of occupants to experience heat-related symptoms (10–19-fold). This study is particularly important to policymakers, as it sheds light, from dwellers’ first-hand experience in a Southern Europe city, on relevant factors that should be taken in consideration to allow them to cope better with heatwaves without compromising their comfort and health.
- Optimization testing for the modeling and characterization of three-dimensional elements to enhance interoperability from building information modeling (BIM) to building energy modeling (BEM)(Elsevier, 2024) García Hípola, M.C. (María del Carmen); Guízar-Dena, A.J. (Andrés Jonathan); Fernández-Bandera, C. (Carlos)The principal aim of the different authors regarding the issues concerning the interoperability between Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Building Energy Modelling (BEM) platforms is focused on workflow automation. This article aims to focus on the modeling practices, by suggesting practical modeling recommendations for BIM modelers, which improve the exportation results to BEM platforms. The project followed a two-phase methodology consisting first of the proposal of a line of modeling recommendations based on a literature review, and second of the application of the recommendations, using an experimental model. At the outset, the authors recompiled research papers, software tutorials, and the main author’s usage (by tool testing). The recommendations were organized by categories and fields of implementation. For the second phase, a single-family housing project was assigned for the testing procedures. The project was modeled with the two main BIM platforms available for the research (Autodesk Revit and Graphisoft Archicad). The testing procedures included the implementation of the recommendations by categories, and each category was evaluated by two premises: the geometrical consistency of the exported model with the project (by using the Aragog gbXML viewer tool), and the utility of the imported model on a BEM platform (by using Design Builder software with EnergyPlus). The results of each tested model were contrasted and analyzed, to determine if the implemented recommendations were successful for improving the exportation process. In conclusion, it was found that the recommendations improved the geometrical consistency and the elements characterization with the building systems, and an energy analytic simulation was successfully fulfilled with the optimized model imported from both BIM software. Although the recommendations made small improvements from the base to the optimized model, the result for each exported model was a successful energy analytic simulation.
- Application of a cost-effective methodology for the refurbishment of DOCOMOMO buildings. A case study in Northern Spain(Elsevier, 2024) Domingo-Irigoyen, S. (Silvia); Monge-Barrio, A. (Aurora); González-Martinez, P. (Purificación); Sánchez-Ostiz, A. (Ana)The energy rehabilitation of listed buildings guaranteeing heritage values but allowing a use that contributes to their conservation, supposes a challenge with the need of a holistic approach. Buildings of the Modern Movement, many of which are registered as DOCOMOMO (DOcumentation and COnservation of buildings, sites and neighbourhoods of the MOdern Movement), are a particular case since many of them are not yet listed or are under unclear requirements. This paper explores the inclusion of a cost-effective methodology as part of the decision-making in the energy rehabilitation of these DOCOMOMO buildings, applying it to the case study of an office building located in the north of Spain. Different scenarios were studied balancing cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency and rehabilitation requirements. In this case study, the analysis may allow policymakers to have supportive arguments to subsidize certain elements (as e.g., steel frames), or allow the use of alternative options with similar aesthetic characteristics, but at a much lower cost. This second option will constitute the unique cost-effective scenario, with energy savings of between 25.36% and 38.8%. The inclusion of a cost-effective methodology as part of the mechanics for decision-making in the energy refurbishment of DOCOMOMO buildings permits the optimisation of the intervention guaranteeing their use and the conservation of heritage values.
- Thermoelectric active window frame: Constructive integration and preheating analysis(Elsevier, 2024) He, Z. (Zhineng); Sacristán-Fernández, J.A. (José Antonio); Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Vidaurre-Arbizu, M. (Marina); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia); Arias-Salazar, P. (Pablo)Building heating and cooling systems using thermoelectricity appear to be a feasible alternative, as it presents several features including versatility and high reliance. While most applications of thermoelectricity in buildings are found in wall systems, window integration shows excellent potential for enhancing the thermal performance of buildings at the façade level, compensating heat losses that take place in windows. Combining energy efficient ventilation with heat recovery leads to a significant reduction of the required energy, keeping desired comfort conditions inside buildings. Thus, the following study presents the design of an active window frame with an integrated thermoelectric system, attaining two functions: pre-heating the supply air, while simultaneously recovering the waste heat energy from exhaust air. Two full-scale prototypes were built, each featuring a different airflow pattern, and preliminary tests for heating mode were carried out under laboratory conditions. The results revealed a similar performance comparing both prototypes, achieving a COP ranging 1.56 to 2.71 for prototype A, while prototype B ranged from 1.62 to 2.65. The results showcase superior heating efficiency compared to a previous experiments conducted by the research group, where a maximum COP of 1.91 was achieved. From a building perspective, wider adoption of thermoelectricity applied to thermal conditioning is hindered by lack of suitable products for architectural integration. Therefore, the system's innovation stems from optimized design, integrated construction, and industrialized production, enhancing energy efficiency in buildings via a compact façade integrated system without space compromise.
- Design and testing of steel additive-manufactured moment-resistant beam-to-column connection(Elsevier, 2024) Gil, B. (Beatriz); Fábregas, M. (María); Bayo, E. (Eduardo); Goñi, R. (Rufino)The objective of this research is to study an alternative to conventional moment-resisting beam-to-column steel joints through the design of optimised connections made by additive manufacturing using steel. The proposed design is intended to fulfil design criteria such as the following: the connection has to be moment-resistant, and the different structural elements should join as easily as possible, enabling them to be attached and detached and consequently allowing the reuse of steel. The design is achieved by the application of Structural Topological Optimisation tools from the software TOSCA, and it is verified by finite element analysis using ABAQUS. The proposed design reshapes the material and leads to a uniform and optimised distribution of stresses. Blind bolts are no longer necessary and a significant weight reduction is achieved. The final design was printed with S316 stainless steel using the Selective Laser Melting technique, and it was tested under proportional loads until failure. The finite element models were validated with the experimental results. Then, the behaviour of the proposed connection under proportional and non-proportional loads is compared with that of a connection executed by traditional means (welded and bolted plates), as well as a conventional fully welded connection. The proposed connection exhibits a better behaviour than the other connections in terms of stiffness and resistance. In fact, when compared with the conventional welded connection, the values of the stiffness and strength of the optimised design are much higher. In addition, the significantly larger values of the stiffness/weight and strength/weight ratios highlight the efficiency of the proposed design.
- Empirical evaluation of EnergyPlus infiltration model for a case study in a high-rise residential building(Elsevier, 2023) Echeverría-Trueba, J. B. (Juan B.); Casquero-Modrego, N. (Nuria); Fernández-Bandera, C. (Carlos); Bastos-Porsani, G. (Gabriela)The European Council has proposed reducing buildings’ energy consumption as one way to decarbonization by 2050. Currently, digital twins are used for real-time energy management, but there are discrepancies between predicted and measured energy performance due to uncertainties in building energy models (BEMs). Air leakage is a key parameter that is difficult to obtain and EnergyPlus users often employ a constant value or apply air leakage equations with pre-determined coefficients. This research is a preliminary step in reducing this uncertainty in the author’s methodology of BEMs calibration, using EnergyPlus and measured data. The study empirically verifies the ability of the EnergyPlus model’s design flow rate to accurately replicate dynamic infiltration values within a zone of a high-rise residential building, where a tracer gas test using CO2 and a blower door test were conducted. Three new methods for calculating Idesign were developed and evaluated. The results were assessed based on the American Society for Testing Material D5157 (Standard Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Models). The models generated with ad-hoc coefficients were compared to those from the literature (EnergyPlus, DOE-2, and BLAST). Among the models with off-the-shelf coefficients, the one with Idesign calculated with in situ data and DOE-2 coefficients demonstrates an accuracy that is only 26% lower than the best model with regression coefficients, which has an R2 value of 0.94 and an NMSE value of 0.02 in the training period.