REV - RA. Revista de Arquitectura - Vol. 21-30
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- Cinco copias imposibles(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Martínez-Santa-María, L. (Luis)This article discusses, via five case studies, the improbability of copying in the art of painting. The five case studies consider accent, voice, process, truth and error. Considered from the perspective of accent, in other words from that of the distinctive tone that each author imposes on their work, there can be no such thing as a literal copy. Considering painting as non-voiced poetry, it would be difficult to find the same voice in the copy as in the original. Considered from the perspective of process, every work is an unfinished act, ultimately making the concept of copying meaningless. Considered from the perspective of truth, truth is inexhaustible and unfathomable; it owes nothing nor is owned — there can be no copies. Finally, considered from the perspective of error, copy and original form part of a single, beautiful experiment. These same appreciations can be applied to architecture.
- Don’t Shoot the Messenger SVP: A Brief Essay on the Theory of Typology(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Silva, J. (Jaime); Tostões, A. (Ana)The evolution of architecture has been recurrently dependent, either consciously, or subconsciously, on inherited knowledge. However, not within a scheme of literal replicas, but yes through a symbiosis between copy and invention on abstract core characteristics. The present essay intends to shine some light on Type and Typology’s role on the awareness of such process, by developing a brief journey through their juvenile and tumultuous existence as a theoretical problem. Besides that, this essay also explores two collateral reasonings. Firstly, that Typology, although being only a tool, has been taken as the ‘scapegoat’ of the architectonic ideologies that took profit of it. And secondly, that Types, in architecture, should not be solely associated with the structure of forms, but to the larger realm of Concepts.
- Transient Permanence(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Lending, M. (Mari)There are few places where the tenacious dichotomy of copy and original deconstructs itself more forcefully than in the trajectory we refer to as classical sculpture. This process is intrinsic to the assumed origins of the classical and the idea of the antique original, and despite the existence of celebrity pieces such as the Venus de Milo, the Laocoön, or the Farnese Hercules, objects that crowds have lined up for centuries to see in Paris, Rome, and Naples, respectively. Few statues can be authorized as first, original versions: the history of classical sculpture is as much a history of the serialized original as of the serial copy, as Salvatore Settis and his team exquisitely displayed in the concurrent exhibitions Portable Classic and Serial Classic at the Prada Foundation in Venice and Milan in 2015. While the Milan edition revolved around seriality, materiality and surface, the Venice exhibition displayed antique repetitions through scale, miniaturization and portability. Hackneyed conceptions of origins and originality collapsed in the line–up of a Farnese Hercules series in Palazzo Corner della Regina on the Grand Canal, and in the numerous antique variants and derivatives of iconic statues such as the Discobolus and the Crouching Venus in Milan. Entering these two spaces was a profound bodily experience of the repeatability, versatility, and adjustability of the classical tradition.
- Arquitecturas textuales: la invención visual a través de la recepción de la narrativa(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Moral-Andrés, F. (Fernando); Merino-Gómez, E. (Elena)The emulation of architectures from other architectures is the general source of inspiration for architectural creation. Mimesis exercises based on narrated architectures are much more complex, to the extent that words leave spots of indeterminacy that are difficult to fill in for the recipient. The ways of bridging the textual gaps to recreate buildings which are coded only in words allow us to discuss reception theories, typically literary, from the perspective of their connections with architecture. This research analyzes the role of the “model reader” of architecture and his possibilities as an emulator agent of architectures that have come to us through written texts.
- Traducciones - Translations(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) RA, Revista de Arquitectura
- Replicas. Architecture as Copy or Invention(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) García-Estévez, C.B. (Carolina B.)
- Reconstruyendo los procesos de reproducción de monumentos: la huella sobre los grandes formatos del siglo XIX(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Lasunción-Ascanio, M. (Montserrat)The creation of replicas using moulds was not new in the nineteenth century. However, for various reasons, particularly the creation of public museums, the use of casts as museum objects took off around the world. This was due to the use of new materials and improved techniques. This article addresses some issues in the processes of creating moulds of monuments based on new information found in archival documents on these objects. In the mould-making process, the requestor, the owners of the originals and the management of the operation are directly related to the state of conservation of monuments and the role of replicas in the preservation of current monumental heritage.
- Civilia: Utopia in the Age of Photomechanical Reproduction. Architectural (Photo)copy as (Re)invention(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Parnell, S. (Stephen); Lus-Arana, L.M. (Luis Miguel)In June 1971, The Architectural Review featured the culmination of Townscape, a campaign that the issue’s author, as well as the magazine’s editor and owner, Hubert de Cronin Hastings, promoted for decades. Civilia, The End of Suburban Man was a monograph that described a fictional English New Town, illustrated through an extensive collection of views of its urban scene made from hundreds of photographs of buildings, many of which had appeared in the pages of the different publications of the Architectural Press in the preceding decades. Civilia did not manage to provoke the debate that Hastings desired, remaining a mere curiosity wrapped in a spectacular visual apparatus that has hardly been analyzed. However, the striking vedute of Civilia hide an elaborate exercise in the generation of architectural form. Its collages include an extensive catalog of architectural strategies and forms in which buildings are appropriated through their photographic images, to engender a series of distorted copies, new architectural personae which simultaneously alter our perception of the originals by either enveloping them in new narratives or revealing their hidden qualities.
- Vanguardia o tradición disfrazada: reverberaciones pretéritas en el vocabulario de Frank Gehry, Los Ángeles 1952-1985(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Labarta-Aizpún, C. (Carlos)Architecture, including that of the avant-garde, is a debate between reference to episodes in the past and the invention of strategies. This paper summarises a journey that explores Frank Gehry’s early works in California. It is a journey that throws up a multitude of encounters, among others with the architecture of modern master Frank Lloyd Wright and the criticism of Charles Moore, and from which unexpected accords emerge. The progressive shift towards fragmentation in Gehry’s architectural language is preceded by volumetric distortions and geometric explorations that, in advance of the contemporary avant-gardes, question the concept of project unity and coherence, preferring mechanisms like symbolic aggregation, volumetric dislocation and the banalisation and vulgarisation of the Modern vocabulary. At the core of the Modern tradition itself, Alberto Sartoris pre-empts examination of the destabilisation of the concept of hierarchy, confirming the fragility of categorisation. In tracing these unsuspected accords with past explorations there is no intention to assert either repetition nor copy. Rather, the intention is to contribute towards diluting, once and for all, speculation about his inventiveness..
- La enseñanza de la arquitectura en Sevilla (1771-1807): sobre artes, antigüedades, libros, réplicas y maquetas en el marco del Real Alcázar(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2022) Plaza, C. (Carlos)The teaching of architecture in the Seville of the Enlightenment began with the foundation of the Real Escuela de las Tres Nobles Artes. In the architectural setting of the Real Alcázar, the teaching of architecture was divided between the drawing of models of Antiquity, the study of books on architecture, and the creation of models or replicas of architectural elements or types of architecture. A new, more complex interpretation of the teaching of architecture in the Escuela de Sevilla is proposed for the period between 1771, the year the school was founded, and 1807, the year of the death of Francisco de Bruna, the school’s promoter, first protector and leading figure in its relationship with the Spanish royal palace. This is achieved by reviewing the known documentation, incorporating new sources and taking a new critical approach based on analysing the teaching of architecture and considering its relationship with other arts and teaching activities, and with the architectural setting and collections housed in it.