Bohm, M. (Monika)

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    Monitoring extinction risk and threats of the world's fishes based on the Sampled Red List Index
    (2022) Freeman, R. (Robin); Pollock, C. (Caroline); Miqueleiz-Legaz, I. (Imanol); Bohm, M. (Monika); Polidoro, B. (Beth); Carpenter, K.E. (Kent E.); Collen, B. (Ben); Miranda-Ferreiro, R. (Rafael); Sayer, C. (Catherine); Dulvy, N.K. (Nicholas K.); Hilton-Taylor, C. (Craig); Darwall, W. (William); Dewhurst-Richman, N. (Nadia)
    Global biodiversitytargets require us to identify species at risk of extinction and quantify status and trends of biodiversity. The Red List Index (RLI) tracks trends in the conservation status of entire species groups over time by monitoring changes in categories assigned to species. Here, we calculate this index for the world's fishes in 2010, using a sampled approach to the RLI based on a randomly selected sample of 1,500 species, and also present RLI splits for freshwater and marine systems separately. We further compare specific traits of a worldwide fish list to our sample to assess its representativeness. Overall, 15.1% of species in the sample were estimated to be threatened with extinction, resulting in a sampled RLI of 0.914 for all species, 0.968 in marine and 0.862 in freshwater ecosystems. Our sample showed fishing as the principal threat for marine species, and pollution by agricultural and forestry effluents for freshwater fishes. The sampled list provides a robust representation for tracking trends in the conservation status of the world's fishes, including disaggregated sampled indices for marine and freshwater fish. Reassessment and backcasting of this index is urgent to check the achievement of the commitments proposed in global biodiversity targets.
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    Assessment gaps and biases in knowledge of conservation status of fishes
    (2020) Miranda, R. (Rafael); Miqueleiz-Legaz, I. (Imanol); Bohm, M. (Monika); Ariño-Plana, A.H. (Arturo Hugo)
    More than 33,500 fish species inhabit freshwater and marine environments, according to FishBase database records. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the conservation status of approximately half of them, the lowest percentage in any vertebrate group. In order to identify what factors may underlie this assessment gap, several traits were examined related to distribution, life-history, taxonomy, conservation, and the economic relevance of species according to their assessment status. IUCN assessment patterns were explored and separate analyses were included for freshwater and marine species. The results showed that IUCN assessments were biased towards economically developed regions, species with early description dates and species covered by current IUCN specialist groups. Species living in remote areas or habitats were more likely to be unassessed. In particular, South America had low assessment levels. Other traits such as commercial importance did not influence the assessment status of fish species. We therefore encourage assessment in poorly assessed areas and taxonomic subgroups to prompt timely conservation action to prevent species extinctions.