Solomon, A. (Alina)

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20102

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    Insulin levels are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of women with prodomal Alzheimer's disease
    (Ios Press, 2010) Ramirez, M.J. (María Javier); Kivipelto, M. (Miia); Solas, M. (Maite); Mugueta, C. (Carmen); Gil-Bea, F.J. (Francisco J.); Cedazo-Minguez, A. (Ángel); Solomon, A. (Alina)
    Previous studies have failed to reach consensus on insulin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and on its relation to pathological features. We performed a new analysis in patients at different stages of AD, and investigated the relationship of insulin levels with biochemical disease markers and with cognitive score. We included 99 patients from our Memory Clinic (Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden), including: 27 patients with mild AD, 13 that progressed from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD in two years time, 26 with MCI stable after two years, and 33 with subjective cognitive impairment. Insulin was significantly decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of both women and men with mild AD. Insulin deficits were seen in women belonging to both MCI groups, suggesting that this occurs earlier than in men. Insulin was positively associated with amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels and cognitive score. Furthermore, total-tau/(Aβ1-42*insulin) ratio showed strikingly better sensitivity and specificity than the total-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio for early AD diagnosis in women.
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    HPA axis dysregulation associated to apolipoprotein E4 genotype in Alzheimer's disease
    (IOS Press, 2010) Aisa, B. (Bárbara); Ramirez, M.J. (María Javier); Kivipelto, M. (Miia); Solas, M. (Maite); Mugueta, C. (Carmen); Winblad, B. (Bengt); Gil-Bea, F.J. (Francisco J.); Cedazo-Minguez, A. (Ángel); Solomon, A. (Alina)
    The present work investigated the involvement of cortisol and its receptors, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cortisol was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), progressive MCI evolving to AD, and AD. CSF cortisol levels do not seem to have a prognostic value, as increases in cortisol levels were found only in AD patients. GR expression was decreased while MR expression was increased in the frontal cortex of AD. When considering degeneration (ratio to synaptophysin and the post-synaptic marker PSD95), GR expression was similar between controls and AD, suggesting that GR loss was due to synaptic degeneration in AD. Increases in cortisol levels and MR expression were associated to an apolipoprotein E4 genotype. Cognitive status was negatively associated to CSF cortisol. In apolipoprotein E4 carriers, MR but not GR expression, negatively correlated to Mini-Mental Status Examination score and positively correlated to frontal cortex amyloid-β levels. It is concluded that there is a dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in AD that seems to be consequence rather than cause of AD.