Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina)
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- Infection burden and immunological responses are equivalent for polymeric and metallic implant materials in vitro and in a murine model of fracture-related infection(Wiley, 2018) Zeiter, S. (Stephan); Richards, R. G. (R. Geoff); Rochford, E. T. J. (Edward Thomas James); Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Moriarty, T. F. (T. Fintan); O'Mahony, L. (Liam); Ziegler, M. (Mario); Kluge, K. (Katharina); Poulsson, A. (Alexandra)The development of an infection is a major complication for some patients with implanted biomaterials. Whether the material or surface composition of the used biomaterial influences infection has not been directly compared for key biomaterials currently in use in human patients. We conducted a thorough in vitro and in vivo investigation using titanium (Ti) and polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) as both commercially available and as modified equivalents (surface polished Ti, and oxygen plasma treated PEEK). Complement activation and cytokine secretion of cell of the immune system was assessed in vitro for all materials in the absence and presence of bacterial stimulants. In a follow-up in vivo study, we monitored bacterial infection associated with clinically available and standard Ti and PEEK inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Complement activation was affected by material choice in the absence of bacterial stimulation, although the material based differences were largely lost upon bacterial stimulation. In the in vivo study, the bacterial burden, histological response and cytokine secretion suggests that there is no significant difference between both PEEK and Ti. In conclusion, the underlying material has a certain impact in the absence of bacterial stimulation, however, in the presence of bacterial stimulation, bacteria seem to dictate the responses in a manner that overshadows the influence of material surface properties.
- Validation of a commercial allergen microarray platform for specific immunoglobulin E detection of respiratory and plant food allergens - Improvement of the Elevated Tryptase Criterion to Discriminate IgE- From Non–IgE-Mediated Allergic Reactions - Validation of novel recipes for masking peanuts in double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges(Elsevier, 2022) Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Goikoetxea-Lapresa, M.J. (María José); Gastaminza, G. (Gabriel); Moya, C. (Carmen); Blanca-López, N. (Natalia); Alvarado, M.I. (María Isabel); Quan, P.L. (Paola Leonor); Bartra, J. (Joan); D'Amelio-Garofalo, C.M. (Carmen Mariana); Garcia, B.E. (Blanca Esther); Fernandez, J. (Javier); Ferrer-Cardona, M. (Marta); Pascal, M. (Mariona)Background: As the use of multiplex-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) detection methods becomes increasingly widespread, proper comparative validation assessments of emerging new platforms are vital. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and technical performance of a newly introduced microarray platform, Allergy Explorer (ALEX) (MacroArray Diagnostics), in the diagnosis of pollen (cypress, grass, olive), dust mite (Dermato- phagoides pteronyssinus), mold (Alternaria alternata), fruit (apple, peach), and nut (walnut, hazelnut and peanut) allergies and to compare it with those of the ImmunoCAP Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC) 112 microar- ray and the ImmunoCAP singleplex method (ThermoFisher Scientific). Methods: We enrolled 153 patients with allergy and 16 controls without atopy. The sIgE assays were conducted using ISAC112, ALEX version 2 (ALEX2), and ImmunoCAP for whole extracts and major components. Technical validation of ALEX2 was performed by measuring repeatability and interassay, interbatch, and interlaboratory reproducibility. Results: When measured globally (detection by 1 or more allergen components), ALEX2 had adequate sensitivity and specificity for most of the allergens studied, comparable in general with that of ISAC112 (except for olive pol- len and walnut) and similar to that of ImmunoCAP whole extract measurements. Component-by-component analysis revealed comparable results for all techniques, except for Ole e 1 and Jug r 3, in both ISAC112 and Immu- noCAP comparisons, and Alt a 1, when compared with ISAC112. Continuous sIgE levels correlate with sIgE by ImmunoCAP. Good reproducibility and repeatability were observed for ALEX2. Conclusion: ALEX2 has sound technical performance and adequate diagnostic capacity, comparable in general with that of ISAC112 and ImmunoCAP.
- Molecular and physiological events in respiratory muscles and blood of rats exposed to inspiratory threshold loading(2014) Galdiz, J.B. (Juan Bautista); Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Barreiro, E. (Esther); Alvarez, F.J. (Francisco Javier); Domínguez-Álvarez, M. (Marisol); Casadevall, C. (Carme); Gea, J. (Joaquim); Vilà-Ubach, M. (Mònica)High-intensity exercise induces oxidative stress and inflammatory events in muscles. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α may alter muscle protein metabolism or promote muscle regeneration. We hypothesized that a program of noninvasive chronic inspiratory loading of different intensities induces a differential pattern of physiological, molecular, and cellular events within rat diaphragms. Antioxidants and TNF-α blockade may influence those events. In the diaphragm, gastrocnemius, and blood of rats exposed to high-intensity inspiratory threshold loads (2 hour every 24 hours for 14 days), with and without treatment with N-acetyl cysteine or infliximab (anti-TNF-α antibody), inflammatory cells and cytokines, superoxide anion production, myogenesis markers, and muscle structure were explored. In all animals, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and body weight were determined. High-intensity inspiratory loading for 2 weeks caused a decline in MIP and body weight, and in the diaphragm induced a reduction in fast-twitch fiber proportions and sizes, whereas inflammatory cells and cytokine levels, including TNF-α immunohistochemical expression, superoxide anion, internal nuclei counts, and markers of myogenesis were increased. Blockade of TNF-α improved respiratory muscle function and structure, and animal weight, and, in the diaphragm, reduced inflammatory cell numbers and superoxide anion production drastically while inducing larger increases in protein and messenger RNA levels and immunohistochemical expression of TNF-α, internal nuclei, and markers of muscle regeneration. Blunting of TNF-α also induced a reduction in blood inflammatory cytokines and superoxide anion production. We conclude that TNF-α synthesized by inflammatory cells or myofibers could have differential effects on muscle structure and function in response to chronic, noninvasive, high-intensity inspiratory threshold loading.
- Monitoring immune responses in a mouse model of fracture fixation with and without Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis(2016) Zeiter, S. (Stephan); Richards, R. G. (R. Geoff); Rochford, E. T. J. (Edward Thomas James); Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Moriarty, T. F. (T. Fintan); O'Mahony, L. (Liam); Ziegler, M. (Mario); Kluge, K. (Katharina); Poulsson, A. (Alexandra)Post-traumatic bone fractures are commonly fixed with implanted devices to restore the anatomical position of bone fragments and aid in the healing process. Bacterial infection in this situation is a challenge for clinicians due to the need for aggressive antibiotic therapy, debridement of infected tissues, and the need to maintain fracture stability. The aim of this study was to monitor immune responses that occur during healing and during Staphylococcus aureus infection, in a clinically relevant murine model of fracture fixation. Skeletally mature C57bl/6 mice received a transverse osteotomy of the femur, which was treated with commercially available titanium fracture fixation plates and screws. In the absence of infection, healing of the fracture was complete within 35 days and was characterized by elevated Interleukin (IL)-4 and Interferon-gamma secretion from bone-derived cells and expression of these same genes. In contrast, mice inoculated with S. aureus could not heal the fracture within the observation period and were found to develop typical signs of implant-associated bone infection, including biofilm formation on the implant and osteolysis of surrounding bone. The immune response to infection was characterized by a TH17-led bone response, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine-led Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β) soft tissue response, both of which were ineffectual in clearing implant related bone and soft tissue infections respectively. In this murine model, we characterize the kinetics of pro-inflammatory responses to infection, secondary to bone trauma and surgery. A divergent local immune polarization is evident in the infected versus non-infected animals, with the immune response ultimately unable to clear the S. aureus infection.
- Bacterial secretion of histamine within the gut influences immune responses within the lung(2018) Wawrzyniak, (Marcin); Akdis, C. A. (Cezmi A.); Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Sokolowska, M. (Milena); Ferstl, R. (Ruth); Krawczyk, K. (Krzysztof); Frei, R. (Remo); O'Mahony, L. (Liam); Van-Elst, D. (Dries); Westermann, P. (Patrick); Groeger, D. (David); Rinaldi, A. (Arturo); Altunbulakli, C. (Can); Barcik, W. (Weronika); Pugin, B. (Benoit)Background: Histamine is an important immunomodulator influencing both the innate and adaptive immune system. Certain host cells express the histidine decarboxylase enzyme (HDC), which is responsible for catalysing the decarboxylation of histidine to histamine. We and others have shown that bacterial strains can also express HDC and secrete histamine; however, the influence of bacterial-derived histamine on the host immune responses distant to the gut is unclear. Methods: The Escherichia coli BL21 (E coli BL21) strain was genetically modified to express the Morganella morganii (M morganii)-derived HDC gene (E coli BL21_HTW). E coli BL21 and E coli BL21_HTW were gavaged to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged mice to investigate the effect of bacterial-derived histamine on lung inflammatory responses. Results: Oral administration of E coli BL21_HTW, which is able to secrete histamine, to wild-type mice reduced lung eosinophilia and suppressed ex vivo OVA-stimulated cytokine secretion from lung cells in the OVA respiratory inflammation mouse model. In histamine receptor 2 (H2R)-deficient mice, administration of histamine-secreting bacteria also reduced inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). However, the suppressive effect of bacterial-derived histamine on BAL inflammation was lost in HDC-deficient mice. This loss of activity was associated with increased expression of histamine degrading enzymes and reduced histamine receptor expression. Conclusion: Histamine secretion from bacteria within the gut can have immunological consequences at distant mucosal sites, such as within the lung. These effects are influenced by host histamine receptor expression and the expression of histamine degrading enzymes.
- Optimising the utility of in vitro tests for the diagnosis of drug allergy: insights from a clinical perspective(Springer, 2023) Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Goikoetxea-Lapresa, M.J. (María José); Quan, P.L. (Paola Leonor)Purpose of review To outline currently validated in vitro tests for the diagnosis of drug hypersensivity reactions (DHRs) and to provide useful strategies to optimise the utility of these tools. Recent findings Regarding in vitro tests for DHR, the main concern, at present, is low sensitivity. Thus, most of the efforts are currently directed towards improving the existing techniques and developing new assays with better diagnostic performance. Summary The management of DHRs is particularly challenging. Current strategies for diagnosis are focused on taking a thorough clinical history, evaluating sensitization using skin testing and performing supervised challenges. In vitro tests may potentially add information to the diagnostic algorithms for the management of DHRs. The presently available assays, however, pose significant limitations in terms of availability and validation. Maximizing their yield and accuracy, therefore, requires a tailored approach, focused on an appropriate clinical characterisation of the reaction. The time elapsed between drug administration and symptom presentation, as well as symptom duration, should be closely taken into consideration. In this review, existing validated in vitro techniques that may support the diagnosis of both immediate and non-immediate DHRs are summarised. Clues for optimizing their diagnostic yield are given.
- The multifaceted Mas-related G Protein-coupled receptor member X2 in allergic diseases and beyond(MDPI, 2021) Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Gastaminza, G. (Gabriel); Quan, P.L. (Paola Leonor); Guo, Y. (Yanro); Martín, M. (Margarita)Recent research on mast cell biology has turned its focus on MRGPRX2, a new member of the Mas-related G protein-coupled subfamily of receptors (Mrgprs), originally described in nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. MRGPRX2, a member of this group, is present not only in neurons but also in mast cells (MCs), specifically, and potentially in other cells of the immune system, such as basophils and eosinophils. As emerging new functions for this receptor are studied, a variety of both natural and pharmacologic ligands are being uncovered, linked to the ability to induce receptor-mediated MC activation and degranulation. The diversity of these ligands, characterized in their human, mice, or rat homologues, seems to match that of the receptor’s interactions. Natural ligands include host defense peptides, basic molecules, and key neuropeptides such as substance P and vasointestinal peptide (known for their role in the transmission of pain and itch) as well as eosinophil granule-derived proteins. Exogenous ligands include MC secretagogues such as compound 48/80 and mastoparan, a component of bee wasp venom, and several peptidergic drugs, among which are members of the quinolone family, neuromuscular blocking agents, morphine, and vancomycin. These discoveries shed light on its capacity as a multifaceted participant in naturally occurring responses within immunity and neural stimulus perception, as in responses at the center of immune pathology. In host defense, the mice Mrgprb2 has been proven to aid mast cells in the detection of peptidic molecules from bacteria and in the release of peptides with antimicrobial activities and other immune mediators. There are several potential actions described for it in tissue homeostasis and repair. In the realm of pathologic response, there is evidence to suggest that this receptor is also involved in chronic inflammation. Furthermore, MRGPRX2 has been linked to the pathophysiology of non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity drug reactions. Different studies have shown its possible role in other allergic diseases as well, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. In this review, we sought to cover its function in physiologic processes and responses, as well as in allergic and nonallergic immune disease.
- Efficacy and Safety of Omalizumab (Xolair) for Cholinergic Urticaria in Patients Unresponsive to a Double Dose of Antihistamines: A Randomized Mixed Double-Blind and Open-Label Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial(2019) Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Labrador-Horrillo, M. (Moises); Gastaminza, G. (Gabriel); Quiñones, D. (Dolores); Diaz-Donado, C. (Carmen); Baeza, M.L. (María Luisa); Echechipía, S. (Susana); Azofra, J. (Julián); Gaig, P. (Pere); Zubeldía, J.M. (José Manuel); Garcia, B.E. (Blanca Esther); Sala-Cunill, A. (Anna); Ferrer-Cardona, M. (Marta); Nuñez-Cordoba, J.M. (Jorge M.); Beristain, A. (Ana)Background: Cholinergic urticaria (UCOL) is a highly disabling inducible urticaria triggered by an increase in core body temperature. Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of omalizumab in controlling UCOL. Methods: We conducted a multicenter randomized mixed double-blind and open-label (first 4 months blinded followed by 8 months open-label) placebo-controlled clinical trial in 22 patients suffering from UCOL who were unresponsive to a double dose of antihistamines. We performed an exercise challenge test during each visit as our main outcome variable. Results: The overall rate of exercise challenge test negative at week 48 was 31.3%, with an average increase in exercise challenge test negative rate of 2.9% points (95% CI, 1.5-4.2) per visit. Statistically significant differences in the negative exercise challenge test rate between the placebo and active intervention groups were not observed during the blinded period (first 4 months of the study). However, from the fourth dose, a progressive improvement was observed. When comparing before and after treatment, statistically significant improvements in all secondary outcome measures were noted after 4 doses (UCOL score: P = .0015; visual analog scale score: P = .0108; days with symptoms: P = .0125) and after 8 doses (UCOL score: P = .0005; chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire: P = .0105; visual analog scale score: P = .0008; and days with symptoms: P = .0144). In the follow-up visit after the cessation of treatment, the symptoms reappeared, with positive exercise challenge test result and significant increases in all variables. Only 4 of 22 patients remained asymptomatic after 3 months of no treatment. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: This randomized mixed double-blind and open-label placebo-controlled trial showed evidence of the safety and potential efficacy of omalizumab in patients with UCOL.
- Pathogenic Mechanisms and Host Interactions in Staphylococcus epidermidis Device-Related Infection(2017) Richards, R. G. (R. Geoff); Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Moriarty, T. F. (T. Fintan); O'Mahony, L. (Liam); Morgenstern, M. (Mario); Stanic, B. (Barbara); Thompson, K. (Keith); Harris, L. G. (Llinos G.)Staphylococcus epidermidis is a permanent member of the normal human microbiota, commonly found on skin and mucous membranes. By adhering to tissue surface moieties of the host via specific adhesins, S. epidermidis is capable of establishing a lifelong commensal relationship with humans that begins early in life. In its role as a commensal organism, S. epidermidis is thought to provide benefits to human host, including out-competing more virulent pathogens. However, largely due to its capacity to form biofilm on implanted foreign bodies, S. epidermidis has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in patients receiving medical devices. S. epidermidis causes approximately 20% of all orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs), increasing up to 50% in late-developing infections. Despite this prevalence, it remains underrepresented in the scientific literature, in particular lagging behind the study of the S. aureus. This review aims to provide an overview of the interactions of S. epidermidis with the human host, both as a commensal and as a pathogen. The mechanisms retained by S. epidermidis that enable colonization of human skin as well as invasive infection, will be described, with a particular focus upon biofilm formation. The host immune responses to these infections are also described, including how S. epidermidis seems to trigger low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and high levels of interleukin-10, which may contribute to the sub-acute and persistent nature often associated with these infections. The adaptive immune response to S. epidermidis remains poorly described, and represents an area which may provide significant new discoveries in the coming years.
- Angioedema severity and impact on quality of life: Chronic histaminergic angioedema versus chronic spontaneous urticaria(2022) Sabaté-Brescó, M. (Marina); Labrador-Horrillo, M. (Moises); Herrera-Lasso, V. (Valeria); Diaz-Donado, C. (Carmen); Baeza, M.L. (María Luisa); Azofra, J. (Julián); Gil, M.P. (María Pilar); Veleiro, B. (Beatriz); Gaig, P. (Pere); Rodríguez-Garijo, N. (Nuria); Sala-Cunill, A. (Anna); Guilarte, M. (Mar); Ferrer-Cardona, M. (Marta)Histamine-mediated angioedema is the most frequent form of angioedema. It is classified as idiopathic histaminergic acquired angioedema (IH-AAE)1 when allergies and other causes have been excluded and a positive treatment response to antihistamines, corticosteroids, or omalizumab has been reported. Idiopathic histaminergic acquired angioedema may occur in isolation, when it is termed chronic histaminergic angioedema (CHA), or it may be associated with wheals in chronic spontaneous urticaria angioedema (CSU-AE). The term CHA is equivalent to IH-AAE and mast cell-mediated angioedema. However, this term reflects the chronic and recurrent course of the disease. Therefore, we propose that the term CHA be internationally discussed in the following guidelines. Chronic spontaneous urticaria is classically characterized by the presence of recurrent episodes of wheals (hives) with or without angioedema for at least 6 weeks.2 Chronic histaminergic angioedema is typically considered a subtype of CSU without wheals. However, a recent study3 found several features that differentiate CHA from CSU, which suggests that CHA is a separate entity. Quality of life (QoL) studies specifically for CHA patients have not been performed, and their QoL has been assessed only in the context of CSU-AE.