Fanidi, A. (Anouar)

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    Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies
    (2022) Maskarinec, G. (Gertraud); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Schulze, M.B. (Matthias B.); Wolk, A. (Alicja); Bishop, T.R.P. (Tom R. P.); Kivimaki, M. (Mika); Kim, M.K. (Mi Kyung); Poustchi, H. (Hossein); Kim, J. (Jihye); Malekzadeh, R. (Reza); Byberg, L. (Liisa); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Akbaraly, T. (Tasnime); Alvim-de-Matos, S.M. (Sheila M.); O'Donoghue, G. (Gráinne); Luft, V.C. (Vivian C.); Dietrich, S. (Stefan); Shaw, J.E. (Jonathan E.); Stern, D. (Dalia); Jannasch, F. (Franziska); Forouhi, N.G. (Nita G.); Soedamah-Muthu, S.S. (Sabita S.); Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro); Fanidi, A. (Anouar); Kim, Y. (Yeonjung); Hashemian, M. (Maryam); Le-Marchand, L. (Loic); Wareham, N.J. (Nicholas J.); O'Gorman, D. (Donal); Pearce, M. (Matthew); Magliano, D.J. (Dianna J.); Vollenweider, P. (Peter); Lajous, M. (Martin)
    Purpose In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world. Methods This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8-25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis. Results 29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059-1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (I-2 = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027-1.088). Conclusion Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP-T2D associations were confirmed.