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Measuring and changing control: women's empowerment and targeted transfers
(Oxford University Press, 2018) Carneiro, P. (Pedro); Almas, I. (Ingvild); Attanasio, O. (Orazio); Armand, A. (Alex)
This article uses a novel identification strategy to measure power in the household. Our strategy is to elicit women’s willingness to pay to receive a cash transfer instead of their spouse receiving it. We selected participants from a sample of women who had already participated in a policy intervention in Macedonia offering poor households cash transfers conditional on having their children attending secondary school. The programme randomised transfers at the municipality level to either household heads (generally a male) or mothers. We show that women who were offered the transfer on average have stronger measured empowerment. Here, IV estimation confirms this result.