Nishi, S.K. (Stephanie K.)

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    Carbohydrate quality, fecal microbiota and cardiometabolic health in older adults: a cohort study
    (Taylor and Francis Online, 2023) Babio, N. (Nancy); Castañer, O. (Olga); Belzer, C. (Clara); Atzeni, A. (Alessandro); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Hu, F.B. (Frank B.); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Gómez-Perez, A.M. (Ana María); Konstanti, P. (Prokopis); Nishi, S.K. (Stephanie K.); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Asensio, E.M. (Eva M.); Corella, D. (Dolores); Vidal, J. (Josep); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Torres-Collado, L. (Laura); Arias, A. (Alejandro); Moreno-Indias, I. (Isabel)
    The impact of carbohydrate quality, measured by the carbohydrate quality index (CQI), on gut microbiota and health has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally and longitudinally explore the relationships between CQI, fecal microbiota, and cardiometabolic risk factors in an elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. At baseline and 1-year, CQI was assessed from food frequency questionnaires data, cardiometabolic risk factors were measured, and fecal microbiota profiled from 16S sequencing. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to assess the associations between tertiles of baseline CQI, fecal microbiota, and cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline, and between tertiles of 1-year change in CQI, 1-year change in fecal microbiota and cardiometabolic risk factors. Cross-sectionally, higher CQI was positively associated with Shannon alpha diversity index, and abundance of genera Faecalibacterium and Christensenellaceae R7 group, and negatively associated with the abundance of Odoribacter, and uncultured Rhodospirillales genera. Some of these genera were associated with higher glycated hemoglobin and lower body mass index. In addition, we observed a positive association between CQI, and some pathways related with the metabolism of butyrate precursors and plants-origin molecules. Longitudinally, 1-year improvement in CQI was associated with a concurrent increase in the abundance of genera Butyrivibrio. Increased abundance of this genera was associated with 1-year improvement in insulin status. These observations suggest that a better quality of carbohydrate intake is associated with improved metabolic health, and this improvement could be modulated by greater alpha diversity and abundance of specific genera linked to beneficial metabolic outcomes.
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    Total dairy consumption in relation to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Wiley, 2022) Babio, N. (Nancy); García-Gavilán, J.F. (Jesús F.); Becerra-Tomas, N. (Nerea); Paz-Graniel, I. (Indira); Nishi, S.K. (Stephanie K.); Schröder, H. (Helmut); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); López-González, L. (Leyre)
    A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies was conducted to assess the associations between total dairy consumption and its different subtypes with the prevalence and incidence of overweight, obesity, and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. A literature search was conducted in Medline through PUBMED and Cochrane Library databases until October 18, 2021. Articles reporting the risk estimates as odd ratios (OR), risk ratios (RR), or hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between dairy product consumption and the risk of overweight and/or obesity were included. In the meta-analysis from cross-sectional studies, results showed an inverse association between total dairy consumption and obesity prevalence (OR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.48-0.91). No significant associations were found between milk or yogurt and obesity prevalence risk. Regarding prospective studies, total milk consumption was positively associated with overweight prevalence (OR (95% CI): 1.13 (1.01-1.26)) and incidence (RR (95%CI): 1.17 (1.01-1.35)) risk. Evidence from pooled analysis of cross-sectional studies suggested an inverse association between total dairy consumption and obesity. However, there is limited and no conclusive evidence to confirm an inverse relationship from pooled analysis of prospective studies in children and adolescents.