Tabaczek, M (Mariusz)
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- Is Pain Metaphysically Evil (Malum Simpliciter)? Some Thoughts from a Thomistic Perspective(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2024) Tabaczek, M (Mariusz)Contrary to the commonly assumed opinion that Christianity sees pain as intrinsically evil – where evil is defined as the lack of something good – Aquinas defines pain not as a privation but rather a passion of the soul, i.e., an emotion that depends on sensual and/or intellective cognition of something evil, is good in itself, and may serve a purpose. This article offers a formalized version of the Thomistic definition of pain and related negative (unpleasant) emotions experienced by humans. It also compares and contrasts this view with some contemporary scientific and philosophical models of pain.
- Emergence and Downward Causation Reconsidered in Terms of the Aristotelian-Thomistic View of Causation and Divine Action(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2016) Tabaczek, M (Mariusz)One of the main challenges of the nonreductionist approach to complex structures and phenomena in philosophy of biology is its defense of the plausibility of the theory of emergence and downward causation. The tension between remaining faithful to the rules of physicalism and physical causal closure, while defending the novelty and distinctiveness of emergents from their basal constituents, makes the argumentation of many proponents of emergentism lacking in coherency and precision. In this article I aim at answering the suggestion of several thinkers to redefine emergence and downward causation in terms of the broader Aristotelian view of causation. In addition, I further develop this interdisciplinary conversation to include theological implications of emergentism, analyzed in reference to Aquinas’ understanding of divine action in terms of the same fourfold division of causes—bringing thus natural science, philosophy, and theology into creative and fruitful dialogue.
- The Role of Causality in Scientific Models of Explanation in the Context of the Retrieval of the Classical Concept of Divine Action(2020) Tabaczek, M (Mariusz)The legitimacy of going back to the classical view of God’s action in the world based on the list of causes and understanding of chance in the works of Aristotle and Aquinas – in the context of contemporary science – seems to depend on whether there is a space for causal analysis within the current models of scientific explanation. This article offers a brief account of the path leading to negation and rediscovery of the importance of causality in scientific explanation and reintroduces the semicausal position of the prominent philosopher of science, Mario Bunge, who treats causation as one of several categories of determination. The diversity of the categories he lists finds analogy in the commonly accepted pluralist approach to the search of the model which adequately describes the practice of scientific research. What is more, the same diversity of the categories of determination opens the way back to the classical Aris-totle’s fourfold account of causation and his understanding of chance. This fact allows us, in turn, to defend the contemporary version of the classical notion of divine action against the accusation of methodical error in the form of imposing the notion of the ancient categories of causality on the results of contemporary scientific research, which notion, as some maintain, has little in common with the models of explanation currently accepted in natural sciences.
- Czy współczesne nauki przyrodnicze mogą inspirować filozoficzny i teologiczny namysł nad przyczynowością?(Universidad Nicolás Copérnico de Torun, 2018) Tabaczek, M (Mariusz)Współpraca nauk szczegółowych, filozofii i teologii w analizie relacji i zależności przyczynowych bytów we wszechświecie wydaje się słuszna i uprawniona. Okazuje się jednak, że w praktyce rodzi ona często pewne napięcia, pytania i trudności, prowadzące do alternatywnych, czy wręcz konkurencyjnych modeli przyczynowości oraz działania Boga w świecie. Co więcej, (1) nastawienie po-nowożytnych nauk szczegółowych na poznanie zjawisk naturalnych w celu ich przewidywania i kontroli, bez pretensji do określenia ich ostatecznej racji przyczynowej, (2) krytyka i odrzucenie pojęcia przyczynowości przez Hume’a, oraz (3) skupienie filozofów analitycznych na opisie tego, co towarzyszy zdarzeniom określanym mianem przyczynowo-skutkowych, z pominięciem próby określenia metafizycznego statusu przyczyn i skutków – wydają się uniemożliwiać interakcję i wzajemne odniesienie współczesnych nauk szczegółowych, filozofii i teologii w kwestii przyczynowości. Zasadniczym celem niniejszego artykułu jest obrona tezy o możliwym i faktycznym wpływie naukowej refleksji nad związkami przyczynowo-skutkowymi na filozoficzny i teologiczny namysł nad przyczynowością, nie tylko w średniowieczu i nowożytności, lecz także w myśli współczesnej. Zwieńczeniem przedstawienia najnowszych stanowisk w debacie na temat działania Boskiego w świecie przyrody będzie argument na rzecz aktualności modelu wypracowanego przez filozofów i teologów reprezentujących szkołę tomistyczną.
- Vacuum Genesis oraz spontaniczne powstanie wszechświata z niczego a klasyczna koncepcja przyczynowości oraz stworzenia ex nihilo(Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, 2019) Tabaczek, M (Mariusz)The article discousses philosophical and theological reflections inspired by the cosmological model of the origin of the universe from quantum vacuum through quantum tunneling and the model presented by Hartle and Hawking. In the context of the thesis about the possibility of cosmogenesis ex nihilo without the need of God the creator, the question is being raised concerning the ontological status of nothingness and of the laws of nature in the aforementioned models. After pointing to the fact that they do not imply an absolute nothingness in the philosophical (metaphysical) sense, the main objectives of both models and philosophical-theological conclusions they inspire are interpreted in the light of the classical principles of potency and act, theory of causation and chance events in nature, elements of classical theology of creation and the classification of sciences in terms of various levels of abstraction, proposed by Aquinas. Noting the fact that some cosmologists cross methodological boundaries of their science, we emphasize the role and significance of their research in a deeper understanding of the philosophical aspects of the origins of the universe, especially the role of potency in the first stages of its existence and evolution.
- Special Issue of Scientia et Fides on Evolution – Introduction(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2020) Tabaczek, M (Mariusz)