Garcia-Fuentes, M. (Miguel)

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    Birth weight and blood lipid levels in Spanish adolescents: Influence of selected APOE, APOC3 and PPARgamma2 gene polymorphisms. The AVENA Study
    (BioMed Central, 2008) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Garcia-Fuentes, M. (Miguel); Redondo-Figuero, C. (Carlos); Gonzalez-Lamuño, D. (Domingo); Ruiz, J.R. (Jonatan R.); Nova, E. (Esther); Sjöström, M. (Michael); Ortega, F.B. (Francisco B.); AVENA Study Group; Castillo, M.J. (Manuel J.); Labayen, I. (Idoya); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    Background: There is increasing evidence indicating that genes involved in certain metabolic processes of cardiovascular diseases may be of particular influence in people with low body weight at birth. We examined whether the apolipoprotein (APO) E, APOC3 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 (PPAR gamma 2) polymorphisms influence the association between low birth weight and blood lipid levels in healthy adolescents aged 13-18.5 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 502 Spanish adolescents born at term was conducted. Total (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein (apo) A and B, and lipoprotein(a) [ Lp(a)] were measured. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), TC-HDLc, TC/HDLc and apoB/apoA were calculated. Results: Low birth weight was associated with higher levels of TC, LDLc, apoB, Lp(a), TC-HDLc, TC/HDLc and apoB/apoA in males with the APOE epsilon 3 epsilon 4 genotype, whereas in females, it was associated with lower HDLc and higher TG levels. In males with the APOC3 S1/S2 genotype, low birth weight was associated with lower apoA and higher Lp(a), yet this association was not observed in females. There were no associations between low birth weight and blood lipids in any of the PPAR gamma 2 genotypes. Conclusion: The results indicate that low birth weight has a deleterious influence on lipid profile particularly in adolescents with the APOE epsilon 3/epsilon 4 genotype. These findings suggest that intrauterine environment interact with the genetic background affecting the lipid profile in later life.
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    Design and evaluation of a treatment programme for Spanish adolescents with overweight and obesity. The EVASYON Study
    (BioMed Central, 2009) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Garcia-Fuentes, M. (Miguel); Campoy, C. (Cristina); Redondo-Figuero, C. (Carlos); Gomez-Martinez, S. (Sonia); Garagorri, J.M. (Jesús Maria); Puertollano, M.A. (M. Ángeles); Delgado, M. (Manuel); Nova, E. (Esther); Vaquero, M.P. (M. Pilar); Veiga, O.L. (Oscar L.); Marcos, A. (Ascensión); Azcona-San-Julian, M.C. (María Cristina); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); EVASYON; Martinez-Gomez, D. (David); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity). Methods/Design The EVASYON was planned by a multidisciplinary team to treat OW/OB in Spanish adolescents. The EVASYON is a multi-centre study conducted in 5 hospitals in 5 Spanish cities (Granada, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander and Zaragoza) and two hundred and four OW/OB Spanish adolescents were recruited for this intervention. The treatment was implemented for approximately one-year follow-up. The adolescents were treated in groups of a maximum of 10 subjects; each group had 20 visits during the treatment period in two phases: intensive during the first 2 months (1st to 9th visits), and extensive during the last 11 months (10th to 20th visits). In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment, 8 dimensions were measured: diet; physical activity and fitness; eating behaviour; body composition; haematological profile; metabolic profile; minerals and vitamins; immuno-inflammatory markers. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms were also determined. Discussion The treatment programme developed in the EVASYON study was designed as a national pilot study to be implemented as an effective treatment for adolescents with OW/OB into the Spanish Health Care Service.