Río, B. (Beatriz) del

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    The Irrintzi and other folk cries high pich and loud emission. Can we learn something?
    (2022) Campo, A. (Arantza); Río, B. (Beatriz) del; Fernández-González, S. (Secundino); Garaycochea, O. (Octavio); Martínez-Arellano, A. (Ana)
    Introduction: In various cultures there are vocal sounds and cries associated with the folk tradition. All these cries are emitted in a single breath, have a high frequency and are loud. They are consequently audible over long distances and cut through other vocal expressions or other sounds generated by instruments. Objectives: The objective of this work is to acoustically analyze some of these folkloric cries and study elements common to all of them. Methods: In this study, Irrintzi, Aturuxo, Tzagrit, ululation Darfur and Kurava cries were subjected to descriptive acoustic spectrographic analysis, and the resulting descriptions were compared both quantitatively, in terms of various acoustic parameters, and qualitatively, in terms of spectrographic characteristics and the way the cries sound. Results: All of the cries contained high frequencies. Spectrograms of the cries revealed that they had a common pattern: a lower initial frequency ascends rapidly (the attack) and is then maintained throughout a stable phase of the emission (the body) before a final drop in frequency (the ending or coda). The body is the longest phase. Conclusions: This initial study of five sounds of folk tradition has opened up a wealth of acoustic and cultural discoveries. Broader studies are now needed to determine if the characteristics we have reported are common to other cries, to look for other similarities, and to delve into meanings, implications and possible applications. In-depth understanding of the mechanism of emission of traditional cries could provide tools for voice re-education in patients with dysphonia due to vocal strain (muscle tension dysphonia, vocal nodules, etc.), for improving voice quality, and for increasing the efficiency of vocal performance.
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    Describing the acoustic and vocal production characteristics of the irrintzi: feasibility of its use for the treatment of voice disorders
    (ASHA, 2022) Martínez-Arellano, A. (Ana); Campo, A. (Arantza); Río, B. (Beatriz) del; Garaycochea, O. (Octavio); Fernández-González, S. (Secundino)
    Purpose: The aims of this study were to analyze and characterize the irrintzi (a folkloric shout emitted in a single breath used by the Basque people) acoustically and to describe the mechanism by which it is emitted. Method: Thirty-six sound samples of 12 female volunteers were analyzed. Acoustic analysis included primarily fundamental frequency (f o), spectral analysis in the time domain with a narrowband filter, and the use of linear predictive coding (LPC). Laryngeal and pharyngeal movements while emitting an irrintzi were studied by fiberoptic nasal endoscopy. Postural and mandible movements were observed and video recorded. Movements of the larynx and the vocal tract were also studied by lateral pharyngo-laryngeal radioscopy. Results: The central part of an irrintzi spectrogram contains a peculiar, repeated M-shaped motif unseen in the spectrogram of any other human vocal emission, and intensity was over 90 dB SPL in all cases. f o was very high (1487 Hz) especially at the end of the irrintzi. Fiberoptic nasal endoscopy consistently revealed considerable elevation of the glottis, with the larynx swinging forward and retraction of the ventricular bands. Lateral radioscopy showed a very high larynx and a high tongue dorsum. Conclusions: The irrintzi is a sound emitted in a single breath and characterized by its shrillness and loudness, qualities that make it audible in noisy environments and over large distances and the vocal technique observed when it is produced can be explained by the Estill voice model (Steinhauer et al., 2017). The use of this technique may help in the treatment of voice disorders and improve efficiency in singers, teachers, actors, and people who use their voice at high volume or at high frequency.