Tricas-Sauras, S. (Sandra)
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- Nurses' freedom of expression: Rights, obligations and responsibilities(Blackwell Scientific, 2022) González-Luis, H. (Hildegart); Santillan-Garcia, A. (Azucena); Azurmendi, A. (Ana); Tricas-Sauras, S. (Sandra)Aim: This commentary aims to spark debate on the ethical, legal, professional and institutional challenges faced by nurses' use and interactions when using traditional, mass and social media. Background: Freedom of expression is a core value of democratic systems. However, it appears to be a complex right when exercised by nurses in traditional media and/or during online interactions. Active use of these types of media can help promote healthcare incentives and reach larger audiences, or even influence public policy. Nevertheless, with the increase in social media use, some nurses have been found to have engaged in unprofessional practices, which, in some serious cases, have led to their dismissal. Evaluation: We identified specific instances of conflicts-most commonly related to breach of privacy, inappropriate interactions on social media or a simple lack of knowledge or guidance regarding its use-and formal complaints concerning nurses' freedom of expression. Key issues: While nursing codes do exist, professional guidelines concerning the use of mass and social media are still much needed. With the advent of social media, there may be ambiguity regarding how nurses engage with and make use of these platforms. In order to ensure that nurses interact professionally with any form of media, clear ethical, legal and professional frameworks of use are needed. Specific codes exist, such as the new ICN code of ethics or the NMC code, among other initiatives, but more comprehensive guidance is needed in order to support nurses in using better judgement regarding their media interactions. While the existence of such frameworks may not fix the problem of incorrect use, it can help those nurses looking for clear guidance when interacting with mass media or using social media. Also, it is important that more professionals are aware that such guidance exists, since understanding the limits and dangers of certain interactions would ultimately protect nurses' and patients' rights. Conclusion: The increasing use of media platforms by nurses calls for further professional guidance regarding its professional utilization. To date, limited guidance exists to support media interactions. In an interconnected world that favours media interaction in both professional and private spheres, the development and widespread dissemination of clear guidance for professionals must also detail two essential points: how professionals can better interact with media platforms and also how they can avoid having unethical media interactions in the first place. Implications for nursing management: The existence of a solid, comprehensive framework for generalized media use should ensure that nurses can exercise their right to freedom of expression. Clearer limitations should support nurses' professional presence and interactions in the media.
- Knowledge, attitudes, behavioral and organizational factors of health professions students for a competent smoking cessation practice: An instrument adaptation and psychometric validation study in Spanish and English samples(Elsevier, 2023) Feliu, A. (Adriana); Andrés, A. (Ana); Pueyo-Garrigues, M. (María); Lluch-Canut, M.T. (María Teresa); Barrozo, T. (Teresa); Pardavila-Belio, M.I. (Miren Idoia); Moreno, C. (Carmen); Agüera, Z. (Zaida); Tricas-Sauras, S. (Sandra); Puig, M. (Montserrat); Roca, J. (Judith); Antón, L. (Laura); Martínez, C. (Cristina); Duaso, M.J. (M. J.); Cornejo, M. (Marco)Background: To improve smoking cessation, training of health professions students is essential. However, no specific instrument is available to assess factors that may affect students' learning about smoking cessation practice. Aim: To adapt and validate the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Organization questionnaire in the population of undergraduate health professions students. Design: Methodological research. Methods: The researchers conducted this study with 511 Spanish and 186 English health professions students from four different universities. We used a four-step approach: 1) adaptation of the items to the target population and validation of the content by a panel of experts; 2) a pilot study to test face validity; 3) linguistic adaptation of the Spanish version to English; and 4) the psychometric assessment based on construct validity, criterion validity and internal consistency. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed four subscales for the Spanish version, namely 'Individual knowledge and skills', 'Individual attitudes and beliefs', 'Organizational support' and 'Organizational resources', which accounted for 85.1% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis in the holdout Spanish and English samples revealed adequate goodness-of-fit values, supporting the factor structure. Hypotheses testing demonstrated significant differences by capacitation in smoking cessation interventions and degree courses, providing further evidence regarding construct validity. All the subscales correlated positively with the criterion variables (5 A's smoking cessation model), except for the 'Organizational resources' subscale, which was not significantly correlated with the 5 A's. The overall Cronbach's alpha was.83 for the Spanish version and.88 for the English one. Conclusions: Our results provide empirical support for the use of the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Organization questionnaire for Students as a reliable and valid instrument to assess knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and organization perceptions in health professions students, which is essential for competent smoking cessation practice. Interestingly, 'Organizational resources' subscale presented the lowest correlations among factors and did not correlate with any component of the 5 A's, suggesting the need of enhancing students' responsibility and involvement during their internships, as well as the interest of some organizations.
- Study of marital communication in marriages with infidelity(2011-06-03T08:15:20Z) Beunza-Nuin, M.I. (Mª Isabel); Manrique-Astiz, E. (Eduardo); Aubá-Guedea, E. (Enrique); Tricas-Sauras, S. (Sandra); Cano-Prous, A. (Adrián); RaquelINTRODUCTION Infidelity has a significant psychological impact on marriages and families. Marriages with an infidelity experience show a great number of premarital communication problems such as low rates of positive interaction and high rates of invalidation and negative interaction (1). OBJECTIVES To analyse communicative resources of spouses belonging to marriages with at least one unfaithfulness episode. To compare marital communication depending on the sex of the unfaithful spouse. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analized a sample of married couples in which at least one of the partners had had an extramarital relationship and who had turned to the Diagnosis and Family Therapy Unit (UDITEF) during the last five years presenting marital dysfunction related to an extramarital episode. Marital communication was studied through the observational method Rapid Marital Interaction Coding System (RMICS), analysing a 15-minute conversation between partners, which was coded by two reliable independent raters. RESULTS We analysed a sample of 39 married couples. No statistically meaningful differences were found with the RMICS between unfaithful husbands and faithful wives. However, when the wife was the unfaithful partner, we observed statistically meaningful differences in communication in the codes Hostility (p<0.05) and Problem Discussion (p<0.01) as compared to their faithful husbands. Furthermore, statistically meaningful differences were found in the use of the code Humor (p<0.01) when comparing unfaithful husbands to unfaithful wives. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (v.15) program. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in our study show that marital and family communication varies depending on the sex of the unfaithful partner, mainly in the way they discuss and cope with problems, although more studies should be carried out with larger samples in order to confirm the results. We also appreciate that marriages in which the husband has been unfaithful, have a better marital communication than do marriages with an unfaithful woman. Finally, unfaithful women use a communication pattern more hostile than their husbands. BIBLIOGRAFÍA (1) Allen, E.S. The multidimensional and development nature of infidelity: Practical applications. Journal of clinical psychology, 2005; 61; 11; 1371-1400. (2) Heyman E. R. & Vivian, D. Rapid Marital Interaction Coding System. Manual. Ver. 1.7, July, 2000. State University of New York at Stony Brook.
- Does the number of children take a role in marital dysfunction?(2011-06-03T08:17:28Z) Beunza-Nuin, M.I. (Mª Isabel); Lahortiga, F. (Francisca); Aubá-Guedea, E. (Enrique); Tricas-Sauras, S. (Sandra); Cano-Prous, A. (Adrián); RaquelINTRODUCTION The number of separations and divorces has dramatically increased in Europe in the last few years. In Spain, according to the last report of the Institute for Family Policies entitled “Evolution on the Family in Europe 2009”, the rate represents a 268% increase. Furthermore, birth rates have also decreased, with only 4% of families having three or more children. OBJECTIVES To analyse differences in marital and family functioning depending on the number of children. METHOD We studied a sample of 168 married couples who on their own initiative turned to the Diagnosis and Family Therapy Unit (UDITEF) at the University of Navarra Hospital (Spain) referring marital dysfunction. Sociodemographic data were gathered from all couples. They were asked to fill in the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) in order to assess marital dynamics and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) to assess family functioning. Statistic analysis was done with the SPSS (v. 15.0) program. RESULTS Out of the couples studied (N=168), 78 had three or more children, and 90 had less than three. Couples in large families had been married for a mean of 19.6+10.6 years, and nearly had four children (3.94+1.2) of ages in a range of 10 to 17 years. Couples in families with less than three children had been married for a mean of 13.7+10.3 and had a mean of one child (1.23+0.28) within an age range of 9 to 12 years. Statistic analysis of marital dynamics as measured with the DAS shows that there are statistically meaningful differences in the “Affective expression” subscale (p<0.05) both in husbands and wives. Concerning family functioning as measured by the FAD, we can find statistically meaningful differences in the subscale “communication” (p<0.05) measured in wives. CONCLUSIONS In our sample, marital dysfunction does not seem to be influenced by the number of children in the family. However, further research is necessary to study other variables that could also take a role, in order to get more accurate data.
- La formación en cesación tabáquica: una asignatura históricamente pendiente en los programas académicos de enfermería(Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, 2021) Martínez, C. (Cristina); Pardavila-Belio, M.I. (Miren Idoia); Tricas-Sauras, S. (Sandra); Moreno, C. (Carmen); Duaso, M.J. (M. J.); Vilaplana, J. (Jordi); Barroso, T. (Tereza)La actual situación de la pandemia de COVID-19 no debe hacernos olvidar la existencia de otras epidemias no infecciosas que causan enfermedad, discapacidad y muerte a nivel mundial, como es el caso del tabaquismo. Esta pandemia es evitable y silenciosamente responsable de casi ocho millones de muertes al año (World Health Organization [WHO], 2019). El tabaquismo reduce de forma significativa la calidad de vida de los fumadores y su esperanza de vida en un promedio de 14 años (European Comission, 2021). A pesar de que las intervenciones psicosociales (Martínez et al., 2021) y farmacológicas para dejar de fumar han demostrado ser sólidamente eficaces (West et al., 2015), los programas de apoyo a la cesación tabáquica y el nivel de ayuda proporcionado por los profesionales sanitarios en Europa son subóptimos (Duaso et al., 2017; Filippidis et al., 2014). En este sentido, las enfermeras se encuentran en una situación privilegiada como profesionales para abordar las diferentes posibilidades de intervención frente al tabaquismo. Esto se explica, en primer lugar, por la propia naturaleza de la disciplina, en la que el cuidado está enmarcado en una relación interpersonal y, en segundo lugar, por ser las profesionales mejor situadas para atender las necesidades de educación y promoción para la salud en una amplia variedad de entornos donde pueden promover la cesación tabáquica, al ser la fuerza de trabajo más numerosa entre el personal sanitario (Duaso et al., 2017; Pueyo et al., 2019; Schwindt & Sharp, 2013). No obstante, y a pesar de las raíces históricas de la enfermería en el campo de la salud pública y la promoción de la salud (Barker & Buchanan-Barker, 2011; McAllister, 2010), la contribución del colectivo en el control del tabaco es también insuficiente (Duaso et al., 2017; Martínez et al., 2020). Las razones de la modesta contribución de las enfermeras en la promoción del abandono del tabaco incluyen su propio consumo (Duaso et al., 2017), la falta de tiempo para fomentar el cambio de comportamientos saludables y la falta de formación sobre cómo apoyar a las personas fumadoras a abandonar su consumo (Katz et al., 2016). Diversos estudios internacionales han demostrado que las enfermeras reciben poca formación teórico-práctica sobre cómo ofrecer ayuda efectiva para dejar de fumar (Forman et al., 2017; Martínez et al., 2019), y que este es el principal factor que impide su intervención cuando interactúan con una persona fumadora en la práctica clínica (Sreedharan et al., 2010). Con el fin de subsanar la histórica deficiencia formativa en tabaquismo, el Instituto Catalán de Oncología (ICO) – centro colaborador de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en control del tabaquismo –, junto con profesores e investigadores de siete universidades europeas (INSTrUCT Consortium), de España, Portugal, Bélgica y Reino Unido, han desarrollado un innovador recurso educativo en línea semitutorizado y abierto a todas las universidades europeas: el curso INSTrUCT (financiado por el programa Erasmus+).