Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo)
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- Enhancement of latent heat storage capacity of lime rendering mortars(University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2022-09-21) Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio); Rubio-Aguinaga, A. (Andrea); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María)Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials (PCMs) were included in air lime rendering mortars in order to improve the thermal comfort of the inhabitants and the energy efficiency of buildings of the Architectural Heritage under the premises of mínimum intervention and maximum compatibility. Three different PCMs were tested and directly added during the mixing process to fresh air lime mortars in three different percentages: 5, 10 and 20 wt. %. Some chemical additives were also incorporated to improve the final performance of the renders: a starch derivative as an adhesion booster; metakaolin as pozzolanic addition to shorten the setting time and to increase the final strength; anda polycarboxylated ether as a superplasticizer to adjust the fluidity of the fresh renders avoiding an excess of mixing water. The specific heat Cp, the enthalpy ti.H ascribed to the phase change and the melting temperature of the PCMs were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The capacity of the renders to store/release heat was demonstrated at a laboratory scale. The favourable results proved the effect of these PCMs w ith respect to the thermal performance of these rendering mortars, offering a promising way of enhancement of the thermal efficiency of building materiaIs of the Cultural Heritage.
- Study of NOx abatement by calcium alumniate cements modified by TiO2(Universidad de Navarra, 2014-04-11) Cruz-Yusta, M. (Manuel); Sanchez, L. (Luis); Perez-Nicolas, M. (María); Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Balbuena, J. (José); Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María)Different percentages of TiO2 (1 to 10 wt.%) were incorporated into two different Calcium Aluminate Cements (iron rich – d-CAC – and iron lean – w-CAC–) which were cured under two curing conditions. The mild hydrothermal curing condition 2 was chosen so as to resemble the natural ageing of aluminate cements in which hydrated hexagonal phases are converted into more stable cubic ones. Fresh and hardened state properties were studied. NOx removal under UV illumination was assessed in TiO2-bearing mortar samples. NO conversion values were higher in w-CAC than in d-CAC. Retention of NO2 in w-CAC samples was also more successful than in d-CAC samples due to the presence of ferrite in the latter ones. The presence of ferrite in d-CAC was established by XRD, SEM and EDAX. The interaction of ferrite phases with TiO2 was monitored in both types of mortars and different behaviours were observed. In the d-CAC, the incorporation of TiO2 results in the appearance of two new iron containing phases: namely pseudobrookite and in a lesser extent ilmenite, at the expense of brownmillerite. These new phases yielded in an improve photocatalytic efficiency of d-CAC in the visible region of spectrum, as proved by Methyl Orange degradation tests.
- Methodology and validation of a hot hydrochloric acid attack for the characterization of ancient mortars(Elsevier, 1999-07) Zornoza, A. (Arantza); Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Martín-Pérez, A. (Antonio); Garcia, P.J. (Pedro Javier)A method for the analysis of the chemical composition of ancient mortars is proposed. The use of the hot hydrochloric acid attack to carry out a separation of the binder and the aggregate is discussed. Different types of mortars of Pamplona Cathedral are analyzed. Traditional chemical methods and atomic emission spectroscopy are employed. The mineralogical studies are carried out using X-ray diffraction. Statistical methods are employed in order to establish a comparison between the different attacks.
- Hydrophobized lime grouts prepared with microsilica and superplasticizers(RILEM Publications S.a.r.l., 2019-07-16) Sirera-Bejarano, R. (Rafael); Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio); Duran-Benito, A. (Adrian); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Gonzalez-Sanchez, J.F. (Jesús Fidel); Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María)This work reports the obtaining of lime-based grouts as repairing materials. Microsilica was added as pozzolanic additive to enhance the compressive strength of the hardened grouts. Sodium oleate, as water repellent admixture, and different superplasticizers (SPs) were also incorporated to reduce the water absorption and to enhance the injectability of the grouts. Polycarboxylate ether (PCE), polynaphthalene sulfonate (PNS), melamine sulfonate (MMS) and polyacrylic acid (PA) were tested as SPs. Regarding the fluidity of the grouts, PCE was seen to improve the injectability, followed by PNS, MMS and PA. However, PCE addition was also accompanied by a severe delay in the setting time. The other three superplasticizers did not provoke significant delays in the hardening of the samples. The water contact angle underwent an increase pointing to an effective hydrophobization of the surface as a consequence of the water repellent admixture. The combination with PCE was the most effective in keeping the water repellency in comparison with the control sample (lime grout + oleate). MMS yielded high compressive strengths and durability of the mortars, in the face of freezing-thawing cycles, was enhanced.
- Combination of polymeric superplasticizers, water repellents and pozzolanic agents to improve air lime-based grouts for historic masonry repair(MDPI AG, 2020-04-11) Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Tasci, B. (Burcu); Gonzalez-Sanchez, J.F. (Jesús Fidel); Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María)This paper presents the experimental procedure to develop air lime-based injection grouts including polymeric superplasticizers, a water repellent agent and pozzolanic agents as additives. Research focuses on the development of grouts to improve various characteristics simultaneously combining different additions and admixtures. Aiming to improve the injectability of the grouts, in this study different polymeric superplasticizers were added, namely polycarboxylated-ether derivative (PCE), polynaphthalene sulfonate (PNS) and condensate of melamine-formaldehyde sulfonate (SMFC). Sodium oleate was also used as a water repellent agent to reduce the water absorption. The enhancement of the strength and setting time was intended by using microsilica and metakaolin as pozzolanic mineral additions. Compatibility between the different admixtures and action mechanism of the different polymers were studied by means of zeta potential and adsorption isotherms measurements. Diverse grout mixtures were produced and investigated assessing their injectability, fluidity, stability, compressive strength, hydrophobicity and durability. This research leads to several suitable mixtures produced by using more than one component to enhance efficiency and to provide better performance of grouts. According to the results, the grout composed of air lime, metakaolin, sodium oleate and PCE was found the most effective composition improving the mechanical strength, injectability and hydrophobicity.
- Cal como sustrato para incorporación de agentes fotocatalíticos(Grupo de Investigación MIMED. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018-05-15) Perez-Nicolas, M. (María); Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María)Diferentes morteros de cal fueron modificados por la incorporación en masa de aditivos fotocatalíticosnanoestructurados (TiO2 o TiO2 dopado con hierro (Fe-TiO2) o vanadio (V-TiO2)). Las propiedades plásticas y endurecidas de estos morteros han sido evaluadas para estudiar la influencia de estos nanoaditivos. Los retrasos en la demanda de agua observados en las pastas de cal se atribuyeron al impedimento de la difusión de CO2 dentro de la pasta. El TiO2 y el TiO2 dopado no mostraron reactividad puzolánica alguna. El examen por microscopía electrónica de barrido de los morteros de cal mostró que las fases predominantes en la microestructura eran placas hexagonales de portlandita y las aglomeraciones gruesas escalenoédricas de calcita. Se encontró que el Fe-TiO2 se distribuía homogéneamente, mientras que el análisis EDS demostró la tendencia al aglomeramiento del V-TiO2. La capacidad de absorción de agua no se vio afectada por la incorporación de nanoaditivos, lo cual es una característica favorable para la aplicación de estos morteros.
- A lyophilized water extract of melissa officinalis L. as an effective natural antioxidant during the storage of dry fermented sausages high in alpha-linolenic acid and DHA(David Publishing, 2012) Astiasarán, I. (Iciar); Ansorena-Artieda, D. (Diana); Berasategui, I. (Izaskun); Cavero-Remon, R.Y. (Rita Yolanda); Calvo, M.I. (María Isabel); Garcia-Iñiguez-de-Ciriano, M. (Mikel); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Larequi-García, E. (Eduardo)Abstract: A pre-emulsified mixture of linseed and algae oils (15/10) and stabilized with 686 ppm of a lyophilized water extract of Melissa officinalis, was successfully applied in dry fermented sausages to increase the ω-3 PUFA content. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stability of this modified formulation during the storage and to compare it to that of a traditional formulation. Traditional and modified products were stored during 90 days at 4 ºC in aerobic conditions. Fatty acid profiles, TBARS and volatile compounds derived from oxidation were analyzed at 0, 30 and 90 days of storage. The fatty acid profiles did not significantly change along the storage period. The stabilizing effect of the natural antioxidants of M. officinalis could contribute to detect no losses of ω-3 PUFA in Modified (30 days: 2.13 g/100 g of product, 90 days: 2.33 g/100 g of product), whereas in Control products a slightly significant reduction was detected (30 days: 0.34 g/100 g of product, 90 days: 0.29 g/100 g of product). After 90 days, the increases of TBARS and hexanal content were much higher in Control than in Modified (Control: 1.41 mg MDA/kg & 17,915 ng dodecane/kg of dry matter; Modified: 0.48 mg MDA/kg & 2,496 ng dodecane/kg of dry matter). In conclusion, the lyophilized water extract of M. officinalis protected high ω-3 PUFA of dry fermented sausages from oxidation along the storage time, guaranteeing the nutritional improvements achieved with the modified formulation.
- Libro de Resúmenes de las VI Jornadas FICAL - Fórum Ibérico de la Cal(Heritage, Materials and Environment (MIMED) Research Group, University of Navarra, 2018-05-21) Sirera-Bejarano, R. (Rafael); Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio); Duran-Benito, A. (Adrian); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María)Resúmenes de las comunicacones presentadas a las VI Jornadas FICAL - Fórum Ibérico de la Cal celebradas en Pamplona del 28 al 30 de mayo de 2018, organizadas por el Grupo de Investaigación MIMED del Departamento de Química de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Navarra.
- Cetuximab-oxaliplatin-liposomes for epidermal growth factor receptor targeted chemotherapy of colorectal cancer(Elsevier, 2015) Haeri, A. (Azadeh); Hagen, T.L.M. (Timo L.M.) ten; Contreras, A.M. (Ana M.); Zalba, S. (Sara); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Garrido, M.J. (María Jesús); Koning, G. (Gerben)Oxaliplatin (L-OH), a platinum derivative with good tolerability is currently combined with Cetuximab (CTX), a monoclonal antibody (mAb), for the treatment of certain (wild-type KRAS) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Improvement of L-OH pharmacokinetics (PK) can be provided by its encapsulation into liposomes, allowing a more selective accumulation and delivery to the tumor. Here, we aim to associate both agents in a novel liposomal targeted therapy by linking CTX to the drug-loaded liposomes. These EGFR-targeted liposomes potentially combine the therapeutic activity and selectivity of CTX with tumor-cell delivery of L-OH in a single therapeutic approach. L-OH liposomes carrying whole CTX or CTX-Fab’ fragments on their surface were designed and characterized. Their functionality was tested in vitro using four human CRC cell lines, expressing different levels of EGFR to investigate the role of CTX-EGFR interactions in the cellular binding and uptake of the nanocarriers and encapsulated drug. Next, those formulations were evaluated in vivo in a colorectal cancer xenograft model with regard to tumor drug accumulation, toxicity and therapeutic activity. In EGFR-overexpressing cell lines, intracellular drug delivery by targeted liposomes increased with receptor density reaching up to 3-fold higher levels than with non-targeted liposomes. Receptor specific uptake was demonstrated by competition with free CTX, which reduced internalization to levels similar to non-targeted liposomes. In a CRC xenograft model, drug delivery was strongly enhanced upon treatment with targeted formulations. Liposomes conjugated with monovalent CTX-Fab’ fragments showed superior drug accumulation in tumor tissue (2916.0 ± 507.84 ng/g) compared to CTX liposomes (1546.02 ± 362.41 ng/g) or non-targeted liposomes (891.06 ± 155.1 ng/g). Concomitantly, CTX-Fab’ targeted L-OH liposomes outperformed CTX-liposomes, which on its turn was still more efficacious than non-targeted liposomes and free drug treatment in CRC bearing mice. These results show that site-directed conjugation of monovalent CTX-Fab’ provides targeted L-OH liposomes that display an increased tumor drug delivery and efficacy over a formulation with CTX and non-targeted liposomes.
- Aditivos y adiciones para la mejora de morteros de cal(LNEC (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisboa), 2016-05-25) Sirera-Bejarano, R. (Rafael); Perez-Nicolas, M. (María); Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio); Duran-Benito, A. (Adrian); Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo); Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María)Los morteros de cal presentan una interesante capacidad de admitir aditivos fotocatalíticos sin detrimento de otras características: se mantienen adecuadas resistencias, la estructura porosa no se modifica de forma sustancial y no hay cambios aparentes de color o brillo. El TiO2 dopado presenta sensibilidad mejorada hacia la luz solar y es una interesante vía de aplicación. Los recubrimientos activos son una manera muy prometedora de mejorar las prestaciones de autolimpieza de los morteros de cal. El uso de aditivos dispersantes y/o de medios de dispersión adecuados puede mejorar notablemente la eficacia fotocatalítica de los morteros de cal tratados.