Kawa, M. (Milosz)
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- Blockade of Wnt signaling inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma(American association for cancer research, 2009) Shan, J. (Juanjuan); Kawa, M. (Milosz); Qian, C. (Cheng); Dong, A. (Aiwen); Hu, J. (Jie); Prieto, J. (Jesús); Fernandez-Ruiz, V. (Verónica); Martinez-Anso, E. (Eduardo)Aberrant activation of Wnt signaling plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. In addition to direct effects on tumor cells, Wnt signaling might be involved in the organization of tumor microenvironment. In this study, we have explored whether Wnt signaling blockade by exogenous expression of Wnt antagonists could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and control tumor growth. Human Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) were each fused with Fc fragment of human IgG1 to construct fusion proteins WIF1-Fc and sFRP1-Fc. The recombinant adenoviral vectors carrying WIF1-Fc and sFRP1-Fc driven by cytomegalovirus promoter were constructed. Ad-WIF1-Fc or Ad-sFRP1-Fc induced the expression and correct conformation of WIF1-Fc and sFRP1-Fc fusion proteins. These molecules caused down-regulation of E2F1, cyclin D1, and c-myc and promoted cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Treatment of established hepatocellular carcinoma tumors with Ad-WIF1-Fc and/or Ad-sFRP1-Fc resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged animal survival. The antineoplastic effect was associated with increased apoptosis of tumor cells, reduced microvessel density, and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1. Tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells and mouse endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) were significantly inhibited by both WIF1-Fc and sFRP1-Fc. In addition, these molecules blocked EPC differentiation and caused EPC apoptosis. Our data indicate that Wnt antagonists WIF1-Fc and sFRP1-Fc inhibit Wnt signaling and exert potent antitumor activity by increasing the apoptosis rate in tumor cells and by impairing tumor vascularization.
- Treatment of murine fulminant hepatitis with genetically engineered endothelial progenitor cells(Elsevier, 2011) Berasain, C. (Carmen); D'Avola, D. (Delia); Kawa, M. (Milosz); Qian, C. (Cheng); Sangro, B. (Bruno); Iñarrairaegui, M. (Mercedes); Prieto, J. (Jesús); Herrero, J.I. (José Ignacio); Quiroga, J. (Jorge); Schmitz, V. (Volker); Iñiguez, M. (María); Fernandez-Ruiz, V. (Verónica); Martinez-Anso, E. (Eduardo)BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cell therapy has been used to attenuate liver injury. Here we evaluated whether genetic engineering of either bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNC) or endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) many enhance their hepatoprotective properties. METHODS: Mice with ConA-induced hepatitis or with lethal fulminant hepatitis resulting from administration of an adenovirus encoding CD40L (AdCD40L) received an intra-splenic injection of saline or 2 × 10(6) unmodified MNC or EPC or the same cells transduced ex vivo with an adenovirus expressing luciferase (MNCLUC and EPCLUC) or encoding the hepatoprotective cytokine cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) (MNCCT-1 and EPCCT-1). We analyzed the extent of liver damage, the intensity of inflammatory reaction, and animal survival. RESULTS: Luciferase immunohistochemistry showed that after injection into the spleen, the engineered cells migrated efficiently to the damaged liver. In mice with ConA hepatitis EPCCT-1, but not other forms of cell therapy, significantly decreased serum transaminases and induced more intense histological improvement than other treatments. This superior therapeutic effect was associated with upregulation of cytoprotective molecules including IGF-I and EGF, lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1b and TNFα, and decreased granzyme B levels. In AdCD40L-induced lethal fulminant hepatitis, EPCCT-1 also exceeded other cell therapies in attenuating the expression of proinflammatory mediators and hepatic injury enabling 35.7% survival while mortality was 100% in the other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic engineering of EPC to overexpress CT-1 enhances the hepatoprotective properties of EPC and constitutes a therapy that deserves consideration for acute liver failure. Copyright © 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Cells as vehicles for therapeutic genes to treat liver diseases(Nature Publishing Group, 2008) Kawa, M. (Milosz); Qian, C. (Cheng); Prieto, J. (Jesús); Sarobe, P. (Pablo); Fernandez-Ruiz, V. (Verónica)Gene therapy involves the transfer of genetic sequences to tissues to obtain a curative effect. Effective gene transfer can be achieved by introducing the therapeutic gene into virus-like particles that facilitate the penetration of the transgene into the cells. However, direct injection of viral vectors may activate innate immunity leading to toxic effects. On the other hand, viral vectors frequently induce neutralizing antibodies, which limit the efficacy of repeated vector administration. Moreover, targeting of the transgene to the desired tissue is a goal that not always can be attained with current vectors. The use of cells as vehicles for therapeutic genes may offer solutions for these issues. Ex vivo transduction of specific cells with vectors encoding therapeutic genes followed by injection of the engineered cells to the patient will reduce the inherent toxicity of the vector while preventing the development of neutralizing antibodies. At the same time, this therapeutic approach can take advantage of the homing properties of the transduced cells to target transgene expression to the sites of interest. Thus, it has been shown that administration of dendritic cells engineered ex vivo with vectors encoding selected antigenic determinants or immunostimulatory molecules is an efficient means to elicit protective immune responses. Similarly, since endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) move to inflammed, ischemic or neoplastic tissues, the injection of EPC transduced ex vivo with appropriate therapeutic genes is an effective method to direct transgene expression to the lesions to be treated. Promising data in animal models of disease point to a future clinical application of this therapeutic strategy.