Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.)

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    Birth weight and blood lipid levels in Spanish adolescents: Influence of selected APOE, APOC3 and PPARgamma2 gene polymorphisms. The AVENA Study
    (BioMed Central, 2008) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Garcia-Fuentes, M. (Miguel); Redondo-Figuero, C. (Carlos); Gonzalez-Lamuño, D. (Domingo); Ruiz, J.R. (Jonatan R.); Nova, E. (Esther); Sjöström, M. (Michael); Ortega, F.B. (Francisco B.); AVENA Study Group; Castillo, M.J. (Manuel J.); Labayen, I. (Idoya); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    Background: There is increasing evidence indicating that genes involved in certain metabolic processes of cardiovascular diseases may be of particular influence in people with low body weight at birth. We examined whether the apolipoprotein (APO) E, APOC3 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 (PPAR gamma 2) polymorphisms influence the association between low birth weight and blood lipid levels in healthy adolescents aged 13-18.5 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 502 Spanish adolescents born at term was conducted. Total (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein (apo) A and B, and lipoprotein(a) [ Lp(a)] were measured. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), TC-HDLc, TC/HDLc and apoB/apoA were calculated. Results: Low birth weight was associated with higher levels of TC, LDLc, apoB, Lp(a), TC-HDLc, TC/HDLc and apoB/apoA in males with the APOE epsilon 3 epsilon 4 genotype, whereas in females, it was associated with lower HDLc and higher TG levels. In males with the APOC3 S1/S2 genotype, low birth weight was associated with lower apoA and higher Lp(a), yet this association was not observed in females. There were no associations between low birth weight and blood lipids in any of the PPAR gamma 2 genotypes. Conclusion: The results indicate that low birth weight has a deleterious influence on lipid profile particularly in adolescents with the APOE epsilon 3/epsilon 4 genotype. These findings suggest that intrauterine environment interact with the genetic background affecting the lipid profile in later life.
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    Telomere length as a biomarker for adiposity changes after a multidisciplinary intervention in overweight/obese adolescents: the EVASYON study
    (Public Library of Science, 2014) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Campoy, C. (Cristina); Marcos, A. (Ascensión); Moleres, A. (Adriana); Azcona-San-Julian, M.C. (María Cristina); Garcia-Calzon, S. (Sonia); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); Zalba, G. (Guillermo); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    CONTEXT: Telomeres are biomarkers of biological aging. Shorter telomeres have been associated with increased adiposity in adults. However, this relationship remains unclear in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between telomere length (TL) and adiposity markers in overweight/obese adolescents after an intensive program. We hypothesize that greater TL at baseline would predict a better response to a weight loss treatment. DESIGN SETTING PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION: The EVASYON is a multidisciplinary treatment program for adolescents with overweight and obesity that is aimed at applying the intervention to all possibly involved areas of the individual, such as dietary habits, physical activity and cognitive and psychological profiles. Seventy-four participants (36 males, 38 females, 12-16 yr) were enrolled in the intervention program: 2 months of an energy-restricted diet and a follow-up period (6 months). MAIN OUTCOME: TL was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at baseline and after 2 months; meanwhile, anthropometric variables were also assessed after 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: TL lengthened in participants during the intensive period (+1.9±1.0, p<0.001) being greater in overweight/obese adolescents with the shortest telomeres at baseline (r = -0.962, p<0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that higher baseline TL significantly predicted a higher decrease in body weight (B = -1.53, p = 0.005; B = -2.25, p = 0.047) and in standard deviation score for body mass index (BMI-SDS) (B = -0.22, p = 0.010; B = -0.47, p = 0.005) after the intensive and extensive period treatment respectively, in boys. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that a weight loss intervention is accompanied by a significant increase in TL in overweight/obese adolescents. Moreover, we suggest that initial longer TL could be a potential predictor for a better weight loss response.
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    Los primeros 1000 días: una oportunidad para reducir la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles
    (ARAN Ediciones, 2019) Saenz-de-Pipaon, M. (Miguel); Collado, M.C. (María Carmen); Larqué, E. (Elvira); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); Leis, R. (Rosaura); Moreno-Villares, J.M. (José Manuel)
    El crecimiento y desarrollo de un individuo está determinado desde la etapa embrionaria por su genética y los factores ambientales con los que interactúa. Los riesgos para la salud infantil y adulta pueden programarse durante las etapas fetal-neonatal y esta programación metabólica precoz puede afectar al desarrollo posterior de enfermedades como la obesidad y otras enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) asociadas. La vida temprana, por la gran plasticidad que la caracteriza, constituye el momento ideal para intervenir y prevenir el riesgo de ENT (ventana de oportunidad). Una nutrición óptima durante los primeros 1000 días, que comprende desde la concepción hasta los dos años, es clave para la salud a lo largo de la vida. El rápido crecimiento y desarrollo del organismo y sus funciones durante el embarazo, la lactancia y el niño de corta edad conlleva requisitos nutricionales específicos en cada una de estas etapas. La microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal desempeña una labor fundamental en la función y el desarrollo del sistema inmune. Las interacciones entre el hospedador y su microbiota intestinal se consideran factores potenciales en la programación temprana de las funciones intestinales, con una evidencia creciente de que las alteraciones de la colonización bacteriana en el neonato se asocian con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad, incluidas las enfermedades alérgicas. La evidencia científica acumulada muestra que los primeros 1000 días son cruciales para alcanzar el mejor desarrollo y salud a largo plazo, y constituyen un periodo estratégico en términos de prevención y salud pública.
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    Body composition changes during a multidisciplinary treatment programme in overweight adolescents: EVASYON Study
    (Aula Médica Ediciones, 2015) Campoy, C. (Cristina); Bueno, G. (Gloria); Garagorri, J.M. (Jesús Maria); Santabarbara, J. (Javier); Martin-Matillas, M. (Miguel); Marcos, A. (Ascensión); Azcona-San-Julian, M.C. (María Cristina); Miguel-Etayo, P. (Pilar) de; Zapatera, B. (Belen); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    Resumen Introducción: el principal objetivo de las intervenciones de pérdida de peso es disminuir la masa grasa manteniendo la masa libre de grasa. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención multidisciplinar en la composición corporal de adolescentes con sobrepeso, evaluados mediante diferentes métodos de composición corporal. Material y métodos: la intervención fue multidisciplinar sobre el estilo de vida, aplicada durante 13 meses. Los participantes eran adolescentes entre 13 y 16 años con sobrepeso y obesidad. Los adolescentes (n = 156; 54,8% mujeres) fueron evaluados mediante antropometría, absorciometría dual de rayos X y pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire. Todas las mediciones se realizaron al inicio, a los 2 y a los 13 meses. Se aplicaron análisis de la covarianza de medidas repetidas y la corrección de Bonferroni. Se realizó la imputación de las medidas antropométricas. Resultados: se logró una alta disminución significativa en el índice de masa grasa en los hombres después de 2 y 13 meses de intervención, según antropometría (1,16 y 1,56 kg/m2, respectivamente), absorciometría de rayos X (1,51 y 1,91 kg/m2) y pletismografía (2,13 y 2,44 kg/m2). Por otra parte, el mantenimiento a corto y largo plazo de la grasa y libre de grasa en el índice de masa fue observado por absorciometría de rayos X en las mujeres (0,94 y 0,68 kg/m2).
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    Il6 gene promoter polymorphism (-174G/C) influences the association between fat mass and cardiovascular risk factors
    (Springer Verlag, 2009) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Gomez-Martinez, S. (Sonia); Ruiz, J.R. (Jonatan R.); Marcos, A. (Ascensión); Moleres, A. (Adriana); Azcona-San-Julian, M.C. (María Cristina); Rendo-Urteaga, T. (Tara); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    During the last decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly among young people. A polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL6 gene (-174G/C), has been previously reported to be involved in obesity and metabolic syndrome development. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine whether the IL6 -174G/C polymorphism influence the association of body fat with low-grade inflammatory markers and blood lipids and lipoproteins in Spanish adolescents. 504 Spanish adolescents participating in the AVENA study were genotyped for the -174G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken and blood samples were collected for plasma molecules determinations. No differences between genotypes were observed in anthropometric values, body composition measurements and plasma markers concentration. Physical activity level differ between genotypes with subjects carrying the C allele of the polymorphism being significantly (p<0.05) more active than GG subjects. The association between body fat mass and plasma glucose was influenced by the -174G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene. Subjects carrying the C allele of the mutation seem to have higher values of lipoprotein (a) and C-reactive protein as their percentage of body fat mass increase. Our results suggest that this promoter polymorphism influences the association between adiposity and some plasma markers.
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    Treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. How nutrition can work?
    (Informa Healthcare, 2008) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Marcos, A. (Ascensión); Ochoa, M.C. (María Carmen); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    Overweight appears when persistent positive energy imbalances occur for long periods of time. Knowledge of dietary risk factors during childhood and adolescence is needed in order to design preventive measures against the increase in the prevalence of obesity and its consequences but is, however, largely missing. Longitudinal studies in children have not found clear causal associations between energy intake or diet composition and overweight development. Research has been ongoing to develop effective intervention studies for obese children but it is not clear which intervention is the most effective in assisting overweight/obese children to improve body composition without affecting growth rates. The objective of this article is to review the available knowledge on dietary risk factors for the development of childhood obesity, to discuss different dietary treatment strategies, and to propose an evidence-based approach to treat obese adolescents.
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    Design and evaluation of a treatment programme for Spanish adolescents with overweight and obesity. The EVASYON Study
    (BioMed Central, 2009) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Garcia-Fuentes, M. (Miguel); Campoy, C. (Cristina); Redondo-Figuero, C. (Carlos); Gomez-Martinez, S. (Sonia); Garagorri, J.M. (Jesús Maria); Puertollano, M.A. (M. Ángeles); Delgado, M. (Manuel); Nova, E. (Esther); Vaquero, M.P. (M. Pilar); Veiga, O.L. (Oscar L.); Marcos, A. (Ascensión); Azcona-San-Julian, M.C. (María Cristina); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.); EVASYON; Martinez-Gomez, D. (David); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity). Methods/Design The EVASYON was planned by a multidisciplinary team to treat OW/OB in Spanish adolescents. The EVASYON is a multi-centre study conducted in 5 hospitals in 5 Spanish cities (Granada, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander and Zaragoza) and two hundred and four OW/OB Spanish adolescents were recruited for this intervention. The treatment was implemented for approximately one-year follow-up. The adolescents were treated in groups of a maximum of 10 subjects; each group had 20 visits during the treatment period in two phases: intensive during the first 2 months (1st to 9th visits), and extensive during the last 11 months (10th to 20th visits). In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment, 8 dimensions were measured: diet; physical activity and fitness; eating behaviour; body composition; haematological profile; metabolic profile; minerals and vitamins; immuno-inflammatory markers. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms were also determined. Discussion The treatment programme developed in the EVASYON study was designed as a national pilot study to be implemented as an effective treatment for adolescents with OW/OB into the Spanish Health Care Service.