Pelloux, V. (Véronique)

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    A distinct adipose tissue gene expression response to caloric restriction predicts 6-mo weight maintenance in obese subjects
    (American Society for Nutrition, 2011) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Pelloux, V. (Véronique); Saris, W.H.M. (Wim H. M.); Viguerie, N. (N.); Mutch, D.M. (David M.); Walker, C.G. (C.G.); Langin, D. (D.); Handjieva-Darlenska, T. (Teodora); Babalis, D. (D.); Van-Baak, M.A. (M.A.); Astrup, A. (Arne); Clement, K. (K.); Pers, T.H. (T.H.); Zucker, J.D. (J.D.); Temanni, M.R. (M. Ramzi); Holst, C. (C.); Marquez-Quiñones, A. (A.)
    BACKGROUND: Weight loss has been shown to reduce risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes; however, successful maintenance of weight loss continues to pose a challenge. OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to assess whether changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) gene expression during a low-calorie diet (LCD) could be used to differentiate and predict subjects who experience successful short-term weight maintenance from subjects who experience weight regain. DESIGN: Forty white women followed a dietary protocol consisting of an 8-wk LCD phase followed by a 6-mo weight-maintenance phase. Participants were classified as weight maintainers (WMs; 0-10% weight regain) and weight regainers (WRs; 50-100% weight regain) by considering changes in body weight during the 2 phases. Anthropometric measurements, bioclinical variables, and scAT gene expression were studied in all individuals before and after the LCD. Energy intake was estimated by using 3-d dietary records. RESULTS: No differences in body weight and fasting insulin were observed between WMs and WRs at baseline or after the LCD period. The LCD resulted in significant decreases in body weight and in several plasma variables in both groups. WMs experienced a significant reduction in insulin secretion in response to an oral-glucose-tolerance test after the LCD; in contrast, no changes in insulin secretion were observed in WRs after the LCD. An ANOVA of scAT gene expression showed that genes regulating fatty acid metabolism, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis were regulated differently by the LCD in WM and WR subjects. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that LCD-induced changes in insulin secretion and scAT gene expression may have the potential to predict successful short-term weight maintenance
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    Adipose gene expression prior to weight loss can differentiate and weakly predict dietary responders
    (Public Library of Science, 2007) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Pelloux, V. (Véronique); Saris, W.H.M. (Wim H. M.); Viguerie, N. (N.); Combes, F. (Florence); Mutch, D.M. (David M.); Sørensen, T.I.A (Thorkild I. A.); Langin, D. (D.); Astrup, A. (Arne); Clement, K. (K.); Zucker, J.D. (J.D.); Temanni, M.R. (M. Ramzi); Holst, C. (C.); Henegar, C. (Corneliu)
    BACKGROUND: The ability to identify obese individuals who will successfully lose weight in response to dietary intervention will revolutionize disease management. Therefore, we asked whether it is possible to identify subjects who will lose weight during dietary intervention using only a single gene expression snapshot. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The present study involved 54 female subjects from the Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Human Obesity-Implications for Dietary Guidelines (NUGENOB) trial to determine whether subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression could be used to predict weight loss prior to the 10-week consumption of a low-fat hypocaloric diet. Using several statistical tests revealed that the gene expression profiles of responders (8-12 kgs weight loss) could always be differentiated from non-responders (<4 kgs weight loss). We also assessed whether this differentiation was sufficient for prediction. Using a bottom-up (i.e. black-box) approach, standard class prediction algorithms were able to predict dietary responders with up to 61.1%+/-8.1% accuracy. Using a top-down approach (i.e. using differentially expressed genes to build a classifier) improved prediction accuracy to 80.9%+/-2.2%. CONCLUSION: Adipose gene expression profiling prior to the consumption of a low-fat diet is able to differentiate responders from non-responders as well as serve as a weak predictor of subjects destined to lose weight. While the degree of prediction accuracy currently achieved with a gene expression snapshot is perhaps insufficient for clinical use, this work reveals that the comprehensive molecular signature of adipose tissue paves the way for the future of personalized nutrition.