Gómez-Perez, A.M. (Ana María)

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    Carbohydrate quality, fecal microbiota and cardiometabolic health in older adults: a cohort study
    (Taylor and Francis Online, 2023) Babio, N. (Nancy); Castañer, O. (Olga); Belzer, C. (Clara); Atzeni, A. (Alessandro); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Hu, F.B. (Frank B.); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Gómez-Perez, A.M. (Ana María); Konstanti, P. (Prokopis); Nishi, S.K. (Stephanie K.); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Asensio, E.M. (Eva M.); Corella, D. (Dolores); Vidal, J. (Josep); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Torres-Collado, L. (Laura); Arias, A. (Alejandro); Moreno-Indias, I. (Isabel)
    The impact of carbohydrate quality, measured by the carbohydrate quality index (CQI), on gut microbiota and health has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally and longitudinally explore the relationships between CQI, fecal microbiota, and cardiometabolic risk factors in an elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. At baseline and 1-year, CQI was assessed from food frequency questionnaires data, cardiometabolic risk factors were measured, and fecal microbiota profiled from 16S sequencing. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to assess the associations between tertiles of baseline CQI, fecal microbiota, and cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline, and between tertiles of 1-year change in CQI, 1-year change in fecal microbiota and cardiometabolic risk factors. Cross-sectionally, higher CQI was positively associated with Shannon alpha diversity index, and abundance of genera Faecalibacterium and Christensenellaceae R7 group, and negatively associated with the abundance of Odoribacter, and uncultured Rhodospirillales genera. Some of these genera were associated with higher glycated hemoglobin and lower body mass index. In addition, we observed a positive association between CQI, and some pathways related with the metabolism of butyrate precursors and plants-origin molecules. Longitudinally, 1-year improvement in CQI was associated with a concurrent increase in the abundance of genera Butyrivibrio. Increased abundance of this genera was associated with 1-year improvement in insulin status. These observations suggest that a better quality of carbohydrate intake is associated with improved metabolic health, and this improvement could be modulated by greater alpha diversity and abundance of specific genera linked to beneficial metabolic outcomes.
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    Increased ultra-processed food consumption is associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome: Longitudinal analysis from a randomized trial
    (2023) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Oncina-Canovas, A. (Alejandro); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); González-Palacios, S. (Sandra); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Atzeni, A. (Alessandro); García-Hera, M. (Manuela) de la; Tojal-Sierra, L. (Lucas); Martín-Sánchez, V. (Vicente); Palau, A. (Antoni); Konieczna, J. (Jadwiga); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Compañ-Gabucio, L. (Laura); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Malcampo, M. (Mireia); Barón-López, F.J. (F. Javier); Garcidueñas-Fimbres, T.E. (Tany E.); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Gómez-Perez, A.M. (Ana María); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Lapetra, J. (José); Matía-Martín, P. (Pilar); Schröder, H. (Helmut); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); López-Miranda, J. (José); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Perez-Vega, K.A. (Karla Alejandra); Casas, R. (Rosa); Ros, E. (Emili); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Saiz, C. (Carmen); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Basterra-Gortari, F.J. (Francisco Javier); Zomeño-Fajardo, M.D. (Maria Dolores); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Pena-Orihuela, P.J. (Patricia J.); Cano-Ibañez, N. (Naomi); Garrido-Garrido, E.M. (Eva M.); Torres-Collado, L. (Laura); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.)
    Background and aims: The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and car-diometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.Methods: We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55-75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diet was evaluated at baseline, 6-and 12-month visits using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF consumption (in grams/day and percentage of total daily dietary intake in grams) was categorized based on NOVA classification. We used mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow-up to assess the associations between changes in UPF consumption and changes in CMR factors adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyles variables.Results: In multivariable-adjusted models, when comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of UPF con-sumption, positive associations were found for several CMR factors: weight (kg, & beta; = 1.09; 95% confidence in-terval 0.91 to 1.26); BMI (kg/m2, & beta; = 0.39; 0.33 to 0.46); waist circumference (cm, & beta; = 1.03; 0.81 to 1.26); diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, & beta; = 0.67; 0.29 to 1.06); fasting blood glucose (mg/dl, & beta; = 1.66; 0.61 to 2.70); HbA1c (%, & beta; = 0.04; 0.01 to 0.07); triglycerides (mg/dl, & beta; = 6.79; 3.66 to 9.91) and triglycerides and glucose index (& beta; = 0.06; 0.04 to 0.08).Conclusions: Higher UPF consumption was associated with adverse evolution in objectively measured CMR factors after 12 months of follow-up in adults with metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to explore whether these changes persist for longer periods.