Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia)
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- Thermoelectric active window frame: Constructive integration and preheating analysis(Elsevier, 2024) He, Z. (Zhineng); Sacristán-Fernández, J.A. (José Antonio); Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Vidaurre-Arbizu, M. (Marina); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia); Arias-Salazar, P. (Pablo)Building heating and cooling systems using thermoelectricity appear to be a feasible alternative, as it presents several features including versatility and high reliance. While most applications of thermoelectricity in buildings are found in wall systems, window integration shows excellent potential for enhancing the thermal performance of buildings at the façade level, compensating heat losses that take place in windows. Combining energy efficient ventilation with heat recovery leads to a significant reduction of the required energy, keeping desired comfort conditions inside buildings. Thus, the following study presents the design of an active window frame with an integrated thermoelectric system, attaining two functions: pre-heating the supply air, while simultaneously recovering the waste heat energy from exhaust air. Two full-scale prototypes were built, each featuring a different airflow pattern, and preliminary tests for heating mode were carried out under laboratory conditions. The results revealed a similar performance comparing both prototypes, achieving a COP ranging 1.56 to 2.71 for prototype A, while prototype B ranged from 1.62 to 2.65. The results showcase superior heating efficiency compared to a previous experiments conducted by the research group, where a maximum COP of 1.91 was achieved. From a building perspective, wider adoption of thermoelectricity applied to thermal conditioning is hindered by lack of suitable products for architectural integration. Therefore, the system's innovation stems from optimized design, integrated construction, and industrialized production, enhancing energy efficiency in buildings via a compact façade integrated system without space compromise.
- Two experimental outcomes from solid waste of leather industry(2019) Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Vidaurre-Arbizu, M. (Marina); Pérez-Bou, S. (Silvia); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia)Leather industry is an example of circular economy, using meat industry wastes (hides and skins) as raw materials. However, it also produces a big amount of organic waste in the process of tanning. This paper presents an experimental study of several proposals to reuse the weekly tons of left-overs (both shavings and hair) issued by a tannery, as new resources, instead of taking them to an external composting plant or to the landfill. Three different types of solid wastes (chromium and vegetable tanned shavings, and discarded hair) have been characterized and analysed to obtain biomass and acoustic panels for building industry. The calorific values of the discarded hair and the shavings have been analysed both in wet and dried samples. After testing the samples according to the Spanish Norm UNE-EN 141918:2011, the results showed that the calorific value obtained from the dried hair is higher than the standard values considered for general biomass, forestry biomass or even wood pellet. Thus, bearing in mind that the plant already has installed a cogeneration system, the daily discarded hair obtained in this tannery, after the processing of drying, would cover completely the gas consumption coming from the boiler installed for the heating demand of the industrial plant, and part of the consumption from the gas engines. The wet hair gives no interesting results. The second approach to the waste has been to look for new products in building sector. After obtaining the granulometry of both chromium and chromium-free leather shavings, different tests were done with different additives: gypsum, glue, cement, cement plus latex, resin, cement plus sand and latex resin. The mechanic tests showed no interesting results in terms of resistance to flexion or compression in gypsum composites. However, the results in terms of acoustic absorption are good, giving similar data as agglomerate cork or some carpets. The outcomes of the experimental research have been promising, as they open several paths to get the maximum use of leather solid waste.
- Caja adiabática diseñada para minimizar el puente térmico de un sistema termoeléctrico(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2021) Sacristán-Fernández, J.A. (José Antonio); Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Vidaurre-Arbizu, M. (Marina); Ibáñez-Puy, M. (María); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia); Del-Valle-de-Lersundi, K. (Kattalin)Los autores del artículo trabajan en la integración de la termoelectricidad en fachadas desde el año 2009. El objeto de este artículo es revisar las posibilidades que esta tecnología ofrece para su incorporación como sistema de climatización de edificios, centrándose en la descripción y análisis del comportamiento del último prototipo realizado dentro de un proyecto de investigación. Para ello, se describen los criterios de diseño y los componentes necesarios para su montaje, aspectos en los que ha tenido especial importancia la reducción del puente térmico respecto a prototipos anteriores. Se explica la metodología experimental seguida, los ensayos realizados, y se analizan críticamente los resultados. Las conclusiones plantean mejoras y recomendaciones para implementar en futuros desarrollos.
- Potential strategies offered by animals to implement in buildings' energy performance: theory and practice(2019) Baquero-Martin, E. (Enrique); Sanz, C. (Cristina); Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Miranda-Ferreiro, R. (Rafael); Bermejo-Busto, J. (Javier); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia)The strategies for thermal regulation and environmental control found in nature are countless. In this article, a parallelism between animals and building energy systems is defined in order to identify and emphasize the immediate opportunities that biomimicry offers for future research. The motivation was the need to find alternative solutions to tackle problems mainly in the efficiency of heating, ventilation and cooling systems. Due to the wide range of possibilities offered by animals, this study is largely limited to the strategies that cold-blooded animals have developed through evolutionary adaptation to the environment. The method used for the analysis is based on a solution-based approach. Firstly, different animal thermoregulation strategies are defined (biological domain). Then the strategy is analyzed and classified into three categories. This classification is essential in order to formulate the parallelism with building systems (transfer phase). The final step is to identify the potential implementation (technological domain). This approach has been seen to be useful in creating new research opportunities based on biomimicry. In addition, suitable solutions arising from multidisciplinary team research are presented as promising answers to the challenges that building energy systems face nowadays.
- Thermoelectric system applications in buildings: A review of key factors and control methods(Elsevier, 2023) He, Z. (Zhineng); Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia)A low coefficient of performance (COP) limits the development of thermoelectric (TE) systems in buildings. However, considering their good integration with solar systems and budling structures, there is good application potential for TE systems in buildings. In many previous works, control systems indeed help TE systems to improve their performance. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze and summarize key factors in the control process and control methods for designing and optimizing the control systems for TE systems in buildings. This work reviews relevant publications from 2000 to 2022 on control applications of TE systems in different fields and groups them into key factors and control methods. The analysis of the key factors indicates the power strength of Peltier cells, the number of working Peltier cells, the temperature difference between the cold and hot sides, and the temperature difference between the object side and the indoor space as significant factors. Additionally, the most relevant control methods for the operating voltage or current are also classified. It is crucial to appropriately adjust these key factors using suitable control methods to achieve improved COP. Regarding the control application of TE systems in buildings, this is an issue that has not been studied with specific attention. Therefore, the analysis of key factors and control methods is meaningful for control systems to improve the performance of TE systems in buildings, especially under dynamic operating conditions of the built environment.
- Cuaderno de Diseño de Instalaciones y Energía en la Arquitectura(2012) Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia); Olaizola, P. (Paula); Mateo-Ozcariz, M. (M.); Mambrilla-Herrero, N. (Natalia); Gironés, J. (Javier)
- Comparative analysis of heat dissipation panels for a hybrid cooling system integrated in buildings(2018) Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia); Ramos-González, J. (Juan Carlos); Gómez-Acebo, T. (Tomás); Pisano, A. (A.)The use of cooling panels as heat dissipation elements integrated in buildings has been previously investigated by the authors. Those elements would be connected to the condenser and would dissipate the heat in a passive form. Following the research, this study analyses and compares the thermal performance of two heat dissipation panels as part of a hybrid cooling system. Both panels were experimentally tested under different variables, thus having nine scenarios for each panel. Additionally, an already validated model was applied. The empirical results show a considerable difference between the cooling capacity among them, doubling the daily average ratio in one scenario. The heat dissipation ratios vary between 106 and 227 W/m2 in the first case and 140 and 413 W/m2 in the second. Regarding the model applicability, the average error for each panel was 4.0% and 8.5%. The bond between the metal sheet and the pipes of the panels has proven to be the main parameter to assure the highest heat dissipation potential of each panel.
- Pollutant emissions in livestock buildings: influence of indoor environment, rearing systems, and manure management(2022) Brito-Andrade, L. (Leonardo) de; Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia); Ariño-Plana, A.H. (Arturo Hugo)The issue of air pollutants from livestock buildings is prevalent in the literature. Because they and their emissions impact both animal production and livestock building users as well as the outdoor environment. This paper aims to compile and review data available in the scientific literature on the types of pollutants for a better understanding of their generation form, their distribution according to the kind of animal, and the main factors affecting their generation and concentration, i.e., the rearing system, the indoor microclimate, and the manure management. The elevated generation of pollutants in animal buildings is tied to the dense occupancy in this industrial activity. The indoor air quality is defined according to the type of livestock in animal housing, considering its welfare needs, and the types and concentrations of pollutants generated as a function of the family of animal and the management used in production. The main gases generated are CH4, CO2, H2S, NH3, N2O, in addition to particulate matter and airborne microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria that very negatively affect the health of animals and users of the animal buildings.
- Building Services(Book Publishing, 2012) Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia)
- Workshop International Seminar in Building Energy Performance como herramienta de difusión de un software de ahorro de energía en el ámbito universitario(XIII Congreso Ibero-Americano de Climatización y Refrigeración CIAR 2015, 2015-04) Martín-Gómez, C. (César); Vidaurre-Arbizu, M. (Marina); Zuazua-Ros, A. (Amaia)La herramienta informática desarrollada en el proyecto de investigación de la Unión Europa Adapt4EE está enfocada a arquitectos e ingenieros implicados en el proceso de diseño y uso de energía en edificios. Es por ello que se plantea desde el inicio el testado de la herramienta por parte de futuros usuarios, en este caso estudiantes de último curso de arquitectura e ingeniería, para obtener así de primera mano su análisis y valoración. Esta ponencia trata de mostrar el proceso de evaluación llevado a cabo por parte del equipo de Adapt4EE para testar el software final del proyecto a través del Workshop International Seminar in Building Energy Performance realizado durante el año 2014. De este modo, se aportan datos que avalan la importancia de la introducción de este tipo de herramientas de integración entre investigación y empresas en los modelos educativos universitarios.