García-Mina, J.M. (José María)
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- Effect of water stress during grain filling on yield, quality and physiological traits of illpa and rainbow quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars(2019) Morales, F. (Fermin); Gámez, A.L. (Angie L.); Aranjuelo, I. (Iker); Zamarreño, A.M. (Angel Maria); Soba, D. (David); García-Mina, J.M. (José María)The total area under quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation and the consumption of its grain have increased in recent years because of its nutritional properties and ability to grow under adverse conditions, such as drought. Climate change scenarios predict extended periods of drought and this has emphasized the need for new crops that are tolerant to these conditions. The main goal of this work was to evaluate crop yield and quality parameters and to characterize the physiology of two varieties of quinoa grown under water deficit in greenhouse conditions. Two varieties of quinoa from the Chilean coast (Rainbow) and altiplano (Illpa) were used, grown under full irrigation or two different levels of water deficit applied during the grain filling period. There were no marked differences in yield and quality parameters between treatments, but the root biomass was higher in plants grown under severe water deficit conditions compared to control. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased with increased water stress in both cultivars, but the coastal variety showed higher water use efficiency and less discrimination of C-13 under water deficit. This response was associated with greater root development and a better stomatal opening adjustment, especially in the case of Rainbow.
- Shoot iron status and auxin are involved in iron deficiency-induced phytosiderophores release in wheat(2018) Garnica-Ochoa, M. (Maria); San-Francisco, S. (Sara); Zamarreño, A.M. (Angel Maria); Mora, V. (Verónica); Baigorri, R. (Roberto); Bacaicoa, E. (Eva); García-Mina, J.M. (José María)Background: The release of phytosiderephores (PS) to the rhizosphere is the main root response to iron (Fe) deficiency in graminaceous plants. We have investigated the role of the Fe status in the shoot as well as of the signaling pathways controlled by three relevant phytoregulators-indolacetic acid (IAA), ethylene and nitric oxide (NO) - in the regulation of this root response in Fe-starved wheat plants. To this end, the PS accumulation in the nutrient solution and the root expression of the genes encoding the nicotianamine aminotransferase (TaNAAT) and ferritin (TaFER) have been evaluated in plants subjected to different treatments. Results: The application of Fe to leaves of Fe-deficient plants prevented the increase in both PS root release and TaNAAT gene expression thus showing the relevant role of the shoot to root communication in the regulation of PS root release and some steps of PS biosynthesis. Experiments with specific hormone inhibitors showed that while ethylene and NO did not positively regulate Fe deficiency induced PS root release, auxin plays an essential role in the regulation of this process. Moreover, the application of IM to Fe-sufficient plants promoted both PS root release and TaNAAT gene expression thus indicating that auxin might be involved in the shoot to root signaling network regulating Fe-deficiency root responses in wheat Conclusions: These results therefore indicate that PS root release in Fe-deficient wheat plants is directly modulated by the shoot Fe status through signaling pathways involving, among other possible effectors, auxin.
- Quality and quantity of organic fractions as affected by soil depth in an Argiudoll under Till and No-till systems(2016) Duval, M. (Matías); Galantini, J.A. (Juan A.); Martínez, J.M. (Juan M.); Mora, V. (Verónica); Baigorri, R. (Roberto); García-Mina, J.M. (José María)Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of tillage systems on the quantity and quality of organic carbon fractions at different soil layers. Study Design: The experimental design was a split plot with three blocks. The long-term effects (25 years) of conventional- (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems on a Tipic Argiudoll was sampled at 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm soil depth. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out at Tornquist (38° 07' 06'' S - 62°02' 17'' O) and soil sampling was performed during wheat seeding (June 2011). Methodology: Total soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the following fractions were determined: Coarse particulate (POCc, 105-2000 µm), fine particulate (POCf, 53-105 µm) and mineral-associated (MOC, 0-53 µm) carbon fractions; humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acids; and total (CHt) and soluble (CHs) carbohydrates. The main physico-chemical properties of HA and FA were analyzed using both FT-IR and fluorescence spectroscopies. Results: After 25 years, total SOC at the 0-20 cm depth was 9% higher in no-tilled than in tilled soils. The POCf was the SOM fraction that turned out to be the most sensitive to tillage effects. The POCc:POCf:MOC ratio at 0-20 cm was similar for NT (3:14:82) and CT (5:10:84); however, differences were found across soil depths. Tilled soils showed higher aromaticity, starting by CH-degradation, in more superficial soil layers.
- A shoot Fe signaling pathway requiring the OPT3 transporter controls GSNO reductase and ethylene in arabidopsis thaliana roots(2018) Corpas, F.J. (Francisco Javier); Pérez-Vicente, R. (Rafael); Zamarreño, A.M. (Angel Maria); Bauer, P. (Petra); Lucena, C. (Carlos); Alcántara, E. (Esteban); Garcia, M.J. (María José); Bacaicoa, E. (Eva); García-Mina, J.M. (José María); Romera, F.J. (Francisco J.)Ethylene, nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) increase in Fe-deficient roots of Strategy I species where they participate in the up-regulation of Fe acquisition genes. However, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), derived from NO and GSH, decreases in Fe-deficient roots. GSNO content is regulated by the GSNO-degrading enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). On the other hand, there are several results showing that the regulation of Fe acquisition genes does not solely depend on hormones and signaling molecules (such as ethylene or NO), which would act as activators, but also on the internal Fe content of plants, which would act as a repressor. Moreover, different results suggest that total Fe in roots is not the repressor of Fe acquisition genes, but rather the repressor is a Fe signal that moves from shoots to roots through the phloem [hereafter named LOng Distance Iron Signal (LODIS)]. To look further in the possible interactions between LODIS, ethylene and GSNOR, we compared Arabidopsis WT Columbia and LODIS-deficient mutant opt3-2 plants subjected to different Fe treatments that alter LODIS content. The opt3-2 mutant is impaired in the loading of shoot Fe into the phloem and presents constitutive expression of Fe acquisition genes. In roots of both Columbia and opt3-2 plants we determined 1-aminocyclopropane1-carboxylic acid (ACC, ethylene precursor), expression of ethylene synthesis and signaling genes, and GSNOR expression and activity. The results obtained showed that both 'ethylene' (ACC and the expression of ethylene synthesis and signaling genes) and 'GSNOR' (expression and activity) increased in Fe-deficient WT Columbia roots. Additionally, Fe-sufficient opt3-2 roots had higher 'ethylene' and 'GSNOR' than Fe-sufficient WT Columbia roots. The increase of both 'ethylene' and 'GSNOR' was not related to the total root Fe content but to the absence of a Fe shoot signal (LODIS), and was associated with the up-regulation of Fe acquisition genes. The possible relationship between GSNOR(GSNO) and ethylene is discussed.
- Molecular characterization of humic substances and regulatory processes activated in plants(2022) Pizzeghello, D. (Diego); Schiavon, M. (Michela); Ertani, A. (Andrea); Muscolo, A. (Adele); Nardi, S. (Serenella); Canellas, L.P. (Luciano Pasqualoto); García-Mina, J.M. (José María)
- Ethylene and phloem signals are involved in the regulation of responses to Fe and P deficiencies in roots of strategy I plants(2019) Pérez-Vicente, R. (Rafael); Zamarreño, A.M. (Angel Maria); Lucena, C. (Carlos); Porras, R. (Rafael); Smith, A.P. (Aaron P.); Alcántara, E. (Esteban); Garcia, M.J. (María José); Bacaicoa, E. (Eva); García-Mina, J.M. (José María); Romera, F.J. (Francisco J.)Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are two essential mineral nutrients whose acquisition by plants presents important environmental and economic implications. Both elements are abundant in most soils but scarcely available to plants. To prevent Fe or P deficiency dicot plants initiate morphological and physiological responses in their roots aimed to specifically acquire these elements. The existence of common signals in Fe and P deficiency pathways suggests the signaling factors must act in conjunction with distinct nutrient-specific signals in order to confer tolerance to each deficiency. Previous works have shown the existence of cross talk between responses to Fe and P deficiency, but details of the associated signaling pathways remain unclear. Herein, the impact of foliar application of either P or Fe on P and Fe responses was studied in P- or Fe-deficient plants of Arabidopsis thaliana, including mutants exhibiting altered Fe or P homeostasis. Ferric reductase and acid phosphatase activities in roots were determined as well as the expression of genes related to P and Fe acquisition. The results obtained showed that Fe deficiency induces the expression of P acquisition genes and phosphatase activity, whereas P deficiency induces the expression of Fe acquisition genes and ferric reductase activity, although only transitorily. Importantly, these responses were reversed upon foliar application of either Fe or P on nutrient-starved plants. Taken together, the results reveal interactions between P- and Fe-related phloem signals originating in the shoots that likely interact with hormones in the roots to initiate adaptive mechanisms to tolerate deficiency of each nutrient.
- Electrochemical and colorimetric assessment on the influence of target metals on wine color(2006-06-11) Santamaria-Elola, C. (Carolina); Esparza, I. (Irene); Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María); García-Mina, J.M. (José María)Presentado en Book of abstracts of the11th International Conference on Electroanalysis ESEAC, 2006; P2-081. Three year old samples of Vitis vinifera origin-controlled red wine samples were spiked with adequate amounts of metals and subsequent colorimetric parameters evolution and complexing capacity behaviour were checked. The used approach consisted in the study of the complexing capacity of natural occurring ligands on wine with respect to Zn and Cu by means of stripping voltammetry in acetate pH 4 buffered 1:5 diluted samples onto which increasing amounts of standard metals were added. The resulting titration curves allowed the ligand concentration to be estimated, and the Scatchard and/or Langmuir algorithm transformation permitted the elucidation of the predominant stoichiometries of existing complexes. This technique has proved very sensitive to detect changes in the composition of samples along fermentation time as a function of major ligand populations [1]. Samples treated in exactly the same way were subjected to spectrometric analysis at selected wavelengths. Stability of polyphenol-metal complexes and its possible redistribution on increasing metal concentration can be followed-up by both classical and Cielab space colorimetric parameters. We have already observed that Fe addition modified certain colorimetric parameters reflecting a change in the polyphenol-metal complexes nature [2].
- Editorial: organic-based foliar biostimulation and nutrition in plants(2016) García-Mina, J.M. (José María); Hadawi, E. (Ebrahim)
- Biochar-Ca and Biochar-Al/-Fe-mediated phosphate exchange capacity are main drivers of the different biochar effects on plants in acidic and alkaline soils(2020) San-Francisco, S. (Sara); Baigorri, R. (Roberto); Urrutia-Sagardia, O. (Óscar); García-Mina, J.M. (José María)Because of the low consistency of the results obtained in the field, the use of biochar as a soil amendment is controversial. Thus, in general, in acidic soils, results are positive, while in alkaline soils, they are non-significant or even negative. The results regarding biochar action in acidic soils have been related to a lime-like effect due to its alkaline pH and the high doses normally used. However, the causes of biochar effects in alkaline soils remain unknown. Our objective was to explore the chemical mechanism of biochar interaction in acidic and alkaline soils. We used well-characterized biochar as a component of two complex N and PK granulated fertilizers at two different doses (1% and 5%). These fertilizers were applied to wheat cultivated in pots containing an alkaline soil and grown for 60 days. No effect was shown for the N-biochar fertilizer application. However, the PK-biochar fertilizer application caused a decrease in crop yield. In addition, the adsorption isotherms of Al, Fe, Mo, Mn, and Phosphate (Pi) in biochar were also studied. The results showed that Fe and Al were rapidly adsorbed in biochar, while Pi was only adsorbed on the Fe-, Al-biochar complex. Desorption experiments showed that P and Fe/Al were not desorbed from the P-Fe/Al-biochar complex by water or the Olsen reagent, while partial desorption was observed when HCl 0.1 M was used.
- Growth and development of pepper are affected by humic substances derived from composted sludge(Wiley, 2011-11) Aguirreolea, J. (Jone); Fuentes-Ramirez, M. (Marta); Azcona, I. (Iñaki); Pascual-Elizalde, I. (Inmaculada); Sanchez-Diaz, M. (Manuel); García-Mina, J.M. (José María)A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of humic substances extracted from composted sewage sludge on growth, phenological development, and photosynthetic activity of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Piquillo) plants. Humic substances derived from composted sludge (HSS) were compared with those derived from leonardite (HSL). Two doses of both humic substances were assayed (200 and 500 mg C [L substrate]–1) and compared with a control (C). HSS showed higher nitrogen content and a higher percentage of aliphatic carbon, as well as a lower content of aromatic and phenolic carbon than HSL. HSS significantly increased plant dry-matter production (up to 560%), plant height (86%–151%), and leaf area (436%–1397%) during the early stages of pepper development. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased in the treatments with HSS (up to 48% and 63%, respectively) at the vegetative stage. In addition, HSS accelerated the phenological development of pepper plants, reducing significantly the number of days to flowering and ripening, which occurred 12 and 14 d earlier than in control plants, respectively. In general, the treatments with HSS and HSL did not markedly affect chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in the leaves. At maturity, only small differences in total fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, and fruit size were observed between amended and control plants. The results suggest that the mechanisms through which HSS affected plant growth and development were not associated with an improved nutrient uptake. Although the identity of the growth-promoting factors remains to be found, the results suggest that they may be linked to the chemical structure of the humic substances.