Lasheras, E. (Esther)
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- Report on national ICP IM activities in Spain(Finnish Environment Institute, 2011) Santamaria-Elola, C. (Carolina); Ibañez-Gaston, R. (Ricardo); Bermejo, R. (Raúl); Lasheras, E. (Esther); Santamaria-Ulecia, J.M. (Jesús Miguel); Elustondo, D. (David); Ariño-Plana, A.H. (Arturo Hugo)
- Medidas para reducir la exposición de los ciclistas a los principales contaminantes atmosféricos urbanos(Programa LIFE13 ENV/ES/000417, 2018) Sánchez-Blanco, C. (Cristina); Rivas, E. (Esther); García, H. (Héctor); Elvira, S. (Susana); Calvete, H. (Héctor); Santamaria-Elola, C. (Carolina); Oltra, C. (Christian); Martilli, A. (Alberto); Baquero-Martin, E. (Enrique); Martín-Porres, F. (Fernando); Pons-Izquierdo, J.J. (Juan José); Santiago, J.L. (José Luis); Bermejo, V. (Victoria); Llorente, E. (Eladio); Galicia-Paredes, D. (David); Serrano-Martínez, M. (Miriam); Sala, R. (Roser); Izquieta-Rojano, S. (Sheila); León-Anguiano, B. (Bienvenido); Lechón, Y. (Yolanda); González, I. (Ignacio); Lasheras, E. (Esther); Puig-i-Baguer, J. (Jordi); Moya, E. (Eloy); Alonso, R. (Rocío); Santamaria-Ulecia, J.M. (Jesús Miguel); Elustondo, D. (David); Ariño-Plana, A.H. (Arturo Hugo); López, S. (Sergi); Barnó, M. (Miguel)Recoge los principales resultados generados durante la realización del proyecto LIFE+RESPIRA, llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Pamplona (Navarra, España) por un equipo interdisciplinar constituido por más de 30 investigadores pertenecientes a la Universidad de Navarra, el Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) y Gestión Ambiental de Navarra (GAN-NIK). El libro, que se ha publicado en castellano y en inglés, se ha dividido en 7 capítulos: 1. ¿Ciudades sostenibles? 2. Exposición de los ciudadanos a la contaminación atmosférica 3. Papel de la vegetación urbana en la calidad del aire 4. Modelos de alta resolución para evaluar la calidad del aire 5. Impactos de la contaminación urbana 6. Movilidad y sostenibilidad urbanas 7. Comunicación y educación ambiental. Este libro pretende ser una guía de utilidad para científicos, gestores y ciudadanos, aportando un conjunto de herramientas que permitan mejorar la calidad de vida de nuestras ciudades. Además, quiere rendir un homenaje a todos los voluntarios ciclistas que han participado en dicho proyecto y que son los verdaderos artífices del mismo, ya que gracias a su dedicación incondicional durante más de dos años, han proporcionado una cantidad ingente de datos sobre la calidad del aire de la ciudad de Pamplona.
- Revealing the manufacturing technology to produce the unique carreaux de pavement found in the Iberian Peninsula(2023) Duran-Benito, A. (Adrian); Lasheras, E. (Esther); Gil-Fernández, M. (Marta); Ruiz-Ardanaz, I. (Iván)Carreaux de pavement is a type of mediaeval tile common in northwestern Europe, whose method of producing has been unknown until now. In this article, the kiln firing conditions of the unique carreaux de pavement found in the Iberian Peninsula were determined by comparing the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of the archaeological tiles with those of some reproductions of the tile's body manufactured in the laboratory (replica) made by varying the firing temperature and time, as well as the sample size and thickness. The resistance to acid digestion exhibited by the fired samples was especially revealed. According to the results and the modelling performance with the collected data, it was established that the maximum firing temperature was between 900 and 975 °C, and the time was longer than 24 h. These results show the technology used by mediaeval French potters and are a basis for future studies.
- Pollution monitoring in two urban areas of Cuba by using Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. and top soil samples: spatial distribution and sources(2021) Viera-Ribot, O. (Orlando); Alejo, D. (Daniellys); Lasheras, E. (Esther); Morales, M.C. (Mayra C.); Santamaria-Ulecia, J.M. (Jesús Miguel); Elustondo, D. (David); Morera-Gómez, Y. (Yasser); Alonso-Hernández, C. M. (Carlos Manuel); Armas-Camejo, A. (Alejandro)This work provides a comprehensive report on the chemical composition of 47 major and trace elements in Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. and top soil samples from the cities of Cienfuegos and Santa Clara in Cuba. The main aims were to provide new information on the urban pollution degree in Caribbean urban regions where the availability of data of urban health indicators are very limited and to identify the main pollution sources. The abundance of the analyzed elements at both type of samples were different at each urban regions suggesting the influence of various sources. Top soils were slightly contaminated with Zn, V, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co and Hg and seriously contaminated with Ni and Cr in Santa Clara. These and other elements such as Se, S, P, Cd, Mo and Ca where highly enriched in T. recurvata indicating a significant impact of anthropogenic sources in the air quality of both urban areas. Cluster analysis helped us associate most of the elements with an anthropogenic origin with three main pollution sources: road traffic, industrial emissions and oil combustion. The spatial variability was particularly useful to identify some of these sources including the emissions from diesel and fuel oil combustion in power stations, biomass burning and metallurgic industries. The results also showed that V and Ni were strongly associated to the oil combustion and that V/Ni ratio indices in both indicators can be used to trace this type of sources. The results presented in this study confirmed the conclusion that both T. recurvata and top soils can be used as feasible indicators of the health of Caribbean urban ecosystems and the distribution of the main pollution sources that are affecting them.
- Diversity of Acari and Collembola along a pollution gradient in soils of a pre-pyrenean forest ecosystem("Gheorghe Asachi" Technichal University of IASI, 2012) Moraza-Zorrilla, M.L. (Maria Lourdes); Baquero-Martin, E. (Enrique); Jordana, R. (Rafael); Bermejo, R. (Raúl); Lasheras, E. (Esther); Santamaria-Ulecia, J.M. (Jesús Miguel); Elustondo, D. (David); Ariño-Plana, A.H. (Arturo Hugo)Mites and springtails are important members of soil mesofauna and have been proven to be good bioindicators of airborne pollutants. We studied the surrounding area of a steel mill located in a mountain valley of North Spain. Previous studies had documented the existence of a pollution gradient in this area due to the emissions of the factory, thus providing an interesting site to investigate the potential effects of pollutants (heavy metals and nitrogen) on soil biodiversity. The density of Acari and Collembola significantly decreased with the increase in concentration of Cr, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb. Mites appeared to be more sensitive to heavy metal pollution than springtails. Likewise, the density of these microarthropoda was lower in those soils exhibiting higher nitrogen content. The species composition of the community of Acari and Collembola changed according to heavy metal pollution. Significant differences in abundance, species richness and diversity were observed between the communities of the sampling sites. Some species were exclusive of the less polluted sites, while other appeared in the most contaminated ones. This different response of soil mesofauna to pollutants suggests that some mite or springtail species could be used as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution.
- Reduction of exposure of cyclists to urban air pollution(Programa LIFE13 ENV/ES/000417, 2018) Rivas, E. (Esther); García, H. (Héctor); Elvira, S. (Susana); Calvete, H. (Héctor); Santamaria-Elola, C. (Carolina); Oltra, C. (Christian); Martilli, A. (Alberto); Baquero-Martin, E. (Enrique); Martín-Porres, F. (Fernando); Pons-Izquierdo, J.J. (Juan José); Santiago, J.L. (José Luis); Bermejo, V. (Victoria); Llorente, E. (Eladio); Galicia-Paredes, D. (David); Sánchez, C. (Cristina); Serrano-Martínez, M. (Miriam); Sala, R. (Roser); Izquieta-Rojano, S. (Sheila); León-Anguiano, B. (Bienvenido); Lechón, Y. (Yolanda); González, I. (Ignacio); Lasheras, E. (Esther); Puig-i-Baguer, J. (Jordi); Moya, E. (Eloy); Alonso, R. (Rocío); Santamaria-Ulecia, J.M. (Jesús Miguel); Elustondo, D. (David); Ariño-Plana, A.H. (Arturo Hugo); López, S. (Sergi); Barnó, M. (Miguel)This book collects the main outcomes that were generated during the implementation of the LIFE+RESPIRA project (LIFE13 ENV/ES/000417), carried out in the city of Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. The research was conducted by a cross-functional team made up of more than 30 researchers belonging to three entities: The University of Navarra, the Centre for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT) and Environmental Management of Navarra (GAN-NIK).
- Mineralogical characterization of carreaux de pavement from Northern Spain (Tiebas, Navarre)(2021) Duran-Benito, A. (Adrian); Lasheras, E. (Esther); Ruiz-Ardanaz, I. (Iván)Several medieval tiles from Tiebas Castle in Navarre, classified as carreaux de pavement, were mineralogically analyzed. The aim was to add information to the very scarce analytical data available for carreaux de pavement in order to provide a quality primary work, mainly descriptive, in this topic. The characterization techniques applied were: optical microscopy (OM), colorimetry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, petrographic microscopy (PM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The tiles comprised three layers: a top glaze with mainly silicon and lead-based compounds; a thin layer of silicoaluminate (very possibly kaolinite) called engobe under it; and the pastes, composed of quartz, hematite, potassium feldspars and calcite. Honey glazes were richer in iron, being copper-based compounds responsible for dark green glazes. The orangish-reddish color of the pastes was provided by hematite. Although the tiles were found in three different locations within the castle, no significant differences were detected among them. The carreaux de pavement from Tiebas had similarities with that from the Bordeaux region. According to the composition data and thickness of tiles from other French carreaux de pavement, the Tiebas artifacts were dated to the 13th century.
- Tiebas Castle’ tuiles vernissées: Characterization, raw clay provenance, and manufacturing technology(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Durán, A. (Adrián); Lasheras, E. (Esther); Ruiz-Ardanaz, I. (Iván); Úriz-Asiain, O. (Orreaga)Tiebas Castle was built between 1254 and 1264 as a royal residence of the kings of Navarre. The Castle was decorated with architectural luxuries imported from the French court. Some decorative elements of this French style are the polychrome roof tiles, called tuiles verniss ́ees; and the glazed floor tiles, called carreaux de pavement. Both are the unique that have been found in the Iberian Peninsula. Elemental and mineralogical analysis allowed us to distinguish two different types of pastes that were used for both tuiles verniss ́ees and carreaux de pavement: yellowish and reddish. The reddish paste was composed mainly of quartz, and to a lesser extent of haematite and illite. The yellow pastes were very rich in calcite and other calcium-bearing minerals (gehlenite, anorthite, diopside or wollastonite) and poorer in quartz and haematite. The different colour tones of the yellow paste samples allowed them to be classified into five subgroups (YP-1, YP-2, YP-3, YP-4, and YP-5). This classification turned out to coincide with a somewhat different mineral composition. The study of the mineral phases newly formed (gehlenite, anorthite, diopside and wollastonite) or destroyed (illite) during firing allowed us to estimate the maximum firing temperature of each of the subgroups. The temperature ranges for each subgroup were as follows: 750–800 ◦C (YP-5), 850–900 ◦C (YP-4), 900–925 ◦C (YP-3), 925–950 ◦C (YP-2), and 950–1000 ◦C (YP- 1). The study of its possible raw materials allowed us to identify that the yellow pastes from tuiles vernissées and carreaux de pavement were prepared from a mixture of two clays. One of them was the decalcification clay (A15 clay) with which they also made the reddish pastes. The other component of the mixture was the marl from Castle hill. The proportion that the artisans used of both raw materials was 1:2 (twice as much marl as decalcification clay).