Aparicio, A. (Aránzazu)
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- Usual dietary intake, nutritional adequacy and food sources of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D of spanish children aged one to dagger(MDPI AG, 2020) Martínez-de-Victoria, E. (Emilio); Cuadrado-Soto, E. (Esther); Jiménez-Ortega, A.I. (Ana Isabel); Moreno, J.M. (José Manuel); Aparicio, A. (Aránzazu); Bermejo, L.M. (Laura M.); Lara-Villoslada, F. (Federico); Ruiz-López, M.D. (María Dolores); Hernández-Ruiz, Á; Gil, A. (Ángel); López-Sobaler, A.M (Ana M.); Valero, T. (Teresa); Varela-Moreiras, G. (Gregorio); Leis, R. (Rosaura); Soto-Méndez, M.J. (María José); Ortega, R.M. (Rosa María)Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two sub-samples: one reference sample (RS) of the general population [n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified milks, here called “adapted milks” (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied, milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products, and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still below the AI), independent of age.
- Differences in meal patterns and timing with regard to central obesity in the ANIBES (‘Anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain’) study(Cambridge University Press, 2017) Aparicio, A. (Aránzazu); González-Gross, M. (Marcela); Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E.E. (Elena E.); Gil, A. (Ángel); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Varela-Moreiras, G. (Gregorio); Aranceta-Bartrina, J. (Javier); Ortega, R.M. (Rosa María)OBJECTIVE:To study the association of meal patterns and timing with central obesity to identify the best dietary strategies to deal with the increasing obesity prevalence. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study performed on data from a representative sample of the Spanish population. Height and waist circumference were measured using standardized procedures and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. The sample was divided into those without central obesity (WHtR<0·5) and those with central obesity (WHtR≥0·5). SETTING: ANIBES ('Anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain') Study. SUBJECTS: Adults aged 18-64 years (n 1655; 798 men and 857 women). RESULTS: A higher percentage of people ate more than four meals daily in the group without central obesity and those with central obesity more frequently skipped the mid-afternoon snack than those without. Breakfasts containing >25 % of total energy intake and lunches containing >35 % of total energy intake were associated with increased likelihood of central obesity (OR=1·874, 95 % CI 1·019, 3·448; P15 % of total energy were associated with decreased likelihood of central obesity (OR=0·477, 95 % CI 0·313, 0·727; P<0·001 and OR=0·650, 95 % CI 0·453, 0·932; P<0·05, respectively). The variety of cereals, wholegrain cereals and dairy was higher in the population without central obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that 'what and when we eat' should be considered dietary strategies to reduce central obesity.