Cortese, S. (Samuele)
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- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for being involved in intimate partner violence and sexual violence: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Cortese, S. (Samuele); Arrondo, G. (Gonzalo); Magallon-Recalde, S. (Sara); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) are significant problems world-wide, and they affect women disproportionally. Whether individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk of being involved in these types of violence is unclear. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42022348165) of the associations between ADHD and being the victim or perpetrator of IPV and SV. Ratios of occurrence of violence were pooled in random-effects models and study risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A search on multiple databases, carried out on 7 October 2022, yielded 14 eligible studies (1 111 557 individuals). Analyses showed a higher risk of ADHD individuals being involved in IPV as perpetrators (six studies, OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.51-4.15) or victims (four studies, OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.06-3.0). Likewise, individuals with ADHD were at increased risk of being perpetrators (three studies, OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.35-5.51) or victims of SV (six studies, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.51-2.24). Results were overall robust to different analytical choices. Conclusions: Individuals with ADHD are at an increased risk of being involved in cases of violence, namely IPV and SV, either as victims or perpetrators. Although the causal path or mediating variables for these results are still unclear, this increased risk should inform evidence-based psychoeducation with individuals with ADHD, their families, and partners about romantic relationships and sexuality.
- Beyond the p factor: Is there a d factor?(2021) Correll, C. (Christoph); Cortese, S. (Samuele); Arrondo, G. (Gonzalo); Solmi, M. (Marco)
- Systematic review and meta-analysis: Clinical utility of continuous performance tests for the identification of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(Elsevier, 2023) Arrondo, G. (Gonzalo); Mulraney, M. (Melissa); Iturmendi-Sabater, I. (Iciar); Musullulu, H. (Hande); Gambra, L. (Leyre); Niculcea, T. (Teodora); Banaschewski, T. (Tobias); Simonoff, E. (Emily); Döpfner, M. (Manfred); Hinshaw, S.P. (Stephen P.); Coghill, D. (David); Cortese, S. (Samuele)Objective: We aimed to quantify the clinical utility of continuous performance tests (CPTs) for the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to a clinical diagnosis in children and adolescents. Method: Four databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and PubMed) were screened until January 2023. Risk of bias of included results was judged with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). We statistically pooled the area under the curve, the sensitivity, and the specificity of 3 commonly used CPTs subscales: omission/inattention, commission/impulsivity, and total number of errors/ADHD subscales (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020168091). Results: A total of 19 studies using commercially available CPTs were identified. Results from up to 835 control individuals and 819 cases were combined in the summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses (sensitivity and specificity pooling), and up to 996 cases and 1,083 control individuals in the area under the curve (AUC) analyses. Clinical utility as measured by AUCs could be considered as barely acceptable (between 0.7 and 0.8) for the most part, with the best results for the total/ADHD score, followed by omissions/inattention, and poorest for commission/impulsivity scores. A similar pattern was found when pooling sensitivity and specificity: 0.75 (95% CI = 0.66-0.82) and 0.71 (0.62-0.78) for the total/ADHD score; 0.63 (0.49-0.75) and 0.74 (0.65-0.81) for omissions; and 0.59 (0.38-0.77) and 0.66 (CI = 0.50-0.78) for commissions. Conclusion: At the clinical level, CPTs as a stand-alone tool have only a modest to moderate ability to differentiate ADHD from non-ADHD samples. Hence, they should be used only within a more comprehensive diagnostic process. Study preregistration information: A systematic review of screening tools for ADHD in children and adolescents; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42020168091.
- The collaborative outcomes study on health and functioning during infection times in adults (COH-FIT-Adults): Design and methods of an international online survey targeting physical and mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic(Elsevier, 2022) Solmi, M. (Marco); Estradé, A. (Andrés); Thompson, T. (Trevor); Agorastos, A. (Agorastos); Radua, J. (Joaquim); Cortese, S. (Samuele); Dragioti, E. (Elena); Leisch, F. (Friedrich); Vancampfort, D. (Davy); Thygesen, L.C. (Lau Caspar); Aschauer, H. (Harald); Schloegelhofer, M. (Monika); Akimova, E. (Elena); Schneeberger, A. (Andres); Huber, C.G. ( Christian G.); Hasler, G. (Gregor); Conus, P. (Philippe); Do-Cuénod, K.Q. (Kim Q.); Von-Känel, R. ( Roland); Arrondo, G. (Gonzalo); Fusar-Poli, P. (Paolo); Gorwood, P. (Philip); Llorca, P.M. (Pierre Michel); Krebs, M.O. ( Marie Odile); Scanferla, E. (Elisabetta); Kishimoto, T. (Taishiro); Rabban, G. (Golam); Skonieczna-Żydecka, K. (Karolina); Brambilla, P. (Paolo); Favaro, A. (Angela)Background: . High-quality comprehensive data on short-/long-term physical/mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. Methods: . The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) is an international, multi-language (n=30) project involving >230 investigators from 49 countries/territories/regions, endorsed by national/international professional associations. COH-FIT is a multi-wave, on-line anonymous, cross-sectional survey [wave 1: 04/2020 until the end of the pandemic, 12 months waves 2/3 starting 6/24 months threreafter] for adults, adolescents (14-17), and children (6-13), utilizing non-probability/snowball and representative sampling. COH-FIT aims to identify non-modifiable/modifiable risk factors/treatment targets to inform prevention/intervention programs to improve social/health outcomes in the general population/vulnerable subgrous during/after COVID-19. In adults, co-primary outcomes are change from pre-COVID-19 to intra-COVID-19 in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-Score. Key secondary outcomes are a P-extended score, global mental and physical health. Secondary outcomes include health-service utilization/functioning, treatment adherence, functioning, symptoms/behaviors/emotions, substance use, violence, among others. Results: . Starting 04/26/2020, up to 14/07/2021 >151,000 people from 155 countries/territories/regions and six continents have participated. Representative samples of ≥1,000 adults have been collected in 15 countries. Overall, 43.0% had prior physical disorders, 16.3% had prior mental disorders, 26.5% were health care workers, 8.2% were aged ≥65 years, 19.3% were exposed to someone infected with COVID-19, 76.1% had been in quarantine, and 2.1% had been COVID 19-positive. Limitations: . Cross-sectional survey, preponderance of non-representative participants. Conclusions: . Results from COH-FIT will comprehensively quantify the impact of COVID-19, seeking to identify high-risk groups in need for acute and long-term intervention, and inform evidence-based health policies/strategies during this/future pandemics.
- Excessive body weight in developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis(Elsevier, 2024) Gambra, L. (Leyre); Cortese, S. (Samuele); Lizoain, P. (Pablo); Rodríguez Romero, D. (Diana); Paiva, U. (Úrsula); Gándara, C. (Carmen); Arrondo, G. (Gonzalo); Magallon-Recalde, S. (Sara)Evidence on the link between developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and obesity and overweight is mixed. Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42023429432), we conducted the first systematic review/meta-analysis on the association between DCD and excessive weight. Web of Science, PubMed and an institutional database aggregator were searched until the 18th of December 2023. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and study heterogeneity using Q and I2 statistics. Data from 22 studies were combined, comprising 11,330 individuals out of which 1861 had DCD. The main analysis showed a significant association between DCD and higher body weight (OR:1.87, 95 % CI =1.43, 2.44). Meta-regression analyses indicated that the relationship was mediated by age, with stronger effects in studies with higher mean age (p 0.004). We conclude that DCD is associated with obesity and overweight, and this association increases with age. Our study could help to implement targeted prevention and intervention measures.