Froguel, P. (Philippe)
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- Genetic polymorphisms and weight loss in obesity: A randomised trial of hypo-energetic high-versus low-fat diets(Public Library of Sciences, 2006) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Saris, W.H.M. (Wim H. M.); Sørensen, T.I.A (Thorkild I. A.); Boutin, P. (Philippe); Verdich, C. (Camilla); Petersen, M. (Martin); Langin, D. (D.); Dina, C. (Christian); Astrup, A. (Arne); Clement, K. (K.); Petersen, L. (Liselotte); Echwald, S.M. (S.M.); Polak, J. (Jan); Arner, P. (P.); Larsen, L.H. (Lesli H.); Taylor, M. (Moira); Pedersen, O. (Oluf); Stich, V. (Vladimir); Toubro, S. (Soren); Holst, C. (C.); Oppert, J.M. (Jean M.); Froguel, P. (Philippe); MacDonald, I. (Ian)OBJECTIVES: To study if genes with common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity-related phenotypes influence weight loss (WL) in obese individuals treated by a hypo-energetic low-fat or high-fat diet. DESIGN: Randomised, parallel, two-arm, open-label multi-centre trial. SETTING: Eight clinical centres in seven European countries. PARTICIPANTS: 771 obese adult individuals. INTERVENTIONS: 10-wk dietary intervention to hypo-energetic (-600 kcal/d) diets with a targeted fat energy of 20%-25% or 40%-45%, completed in 648 participants. OUTCOME MEASURES: WL during the 10 wk in relation to genotypes of 42 SNPs in 26 candidate genes, probably associated with hypothalamic regulation of appetite, efficiency of energy expenditure, regulation of adipocyte differentiation and function, lipid and glucose metabolism, or production of adipocytokines, determined in 642 participants. RESULTS: Compared with the noncarriers of each of the SNPs, and after adjusting for gender, age, baseline weight and centre, heterozygotes showed WL differences that ranged from -0.6 to 0.8 kg, and homozygotes, from -0.7 to 3.1 kg. Genotype-dependent additional WL on low-fat diet ranged from 1.9 to -1.6 kg in heterozygotes, and from 3.8 kg to -2.1 kg in homozygotes relative to the noncarriers. Considering the multiple testing conducted, none of the associations was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in a panel of obesity-related candidate genes play a minor role, if any, in modulating weight changes induced by a moderate hypo-energetic low-fat or high-fat diet.
- Inflammatory role of Toll-like receptors in human and murine adipose tissue(Hindawi, 2010) Frühbeck, G. (Gema); Bacquer, O. (Olivier) Le; Poulain-Godefroy, O. (Odile); Plancq, P. (Pauline); Lecoeur, C. (Cecile); Pattou, F. (François); Froguel, P. (Philippe)It was recently demonstrated that TLR4 activation via dietary lipids triggers inflammatory pathway and alters insulin responsiveness in the fat tissue during obesity. Here, we question whether other TLR family members could participate in the TLR-mediated inflammatory processes occurring in the obese adipose tissue. We thus studied the expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 in adipose tissue. These receptors are expressed in omental and subcutaneous human fat tissue, the expression being higher in the omental tissue, independently of the metabolic status of the subject. We demonstrated a correlation of TLRs expression within and between each depot suggesting a coregulation. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells stimulated with Pam3CSK4 induced the expression of some proinflammatory markers. Therefore, beside TLR4, other toll-like receptors are differentially expressed in human fat tissue, and functional in an adipocyte cell line, suggesting that they might participate omental adipose tissue-related inflammation that occurs in obesity.
- TCF7L2 rs7903146-macronutrient interaction in obese individuals' responses to a 10-wk randomized hypoenergetic diet(American Society for Nutrition, 2010) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Claus, C. (C.); Klimcakova, E. (E.); Sørensen, T.I.A (Thorkild I. A.); Langin, D. (D.); Astrup, A. (Arne); Grau, K. (K.); Pedersen, O. (Oluf); Cauchi, S. (Stephane); Froguel, P. (Philippe); MacDonald, I. (Ian)BACKGROUND: Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 associates with type 2 diabetes and may operate via impaired glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion, which is stimulated more by fat than by carbohydrate ingestion. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the interaction between TCF7L2 rs7903146 and dietary fat and carbohydrate [high-fat, low-carbohydrate: 40-45% of energy as fat (HF); compared with low-fat, high-carbohydrate: 20-25% of energy as fat (LF)] in obese individuals' responses to a 10-wk hypoenergetic diet (-600 kcal/d). DESIGN: European, obese participants (n = 771) were randomly assigned to receive an HF or an LF diet. Body weight, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), waist circumference (WC), resting energy expenditure (REE), fasting fat oxidation in percentage of REE (FatOx), homeostasis model assessed insulin release (HOMA-beta), and HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined at baseline and after the intervention; 739 individuals were genotyped for rs7903146. RESULTS: Average weight loss was 6.9 kg with the LF and 6.6 kg with the HF (difference between diets, NS) diet. Among individuals who were homozygous for the T-risk allele, those in the HF diet group experienced smaller weight losses (Deltaweight) (2.6 kg; P = 0.009; n = 622), smaller DeltaFFM (1.6 kg; P = 0.027; n = 609), smaller DeltaWC (3.3 cm; P = 0.010; n = 608), and a smaller DeltaHOMA-IR (1.3 units; P = 0.004; n = 615) than did the LF diet group. For C allele carriers, there were no differences between the HF and LF diet groups. For the HF diet group, each additional T allele was associated with a reduced loss of FM (0.67 kg; P = 0.019; n = 609). TCF7L2 rs7903146 was not associated with DeltaREE, DeltaFatOx, DeltaHOMA-beta, or dropout. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that obese individuals who are homozygous for the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T-risk allele are more sensitive to LF than to HF weight-loss diets.