Perez-Cornago, A. (Aurora)
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- Micronutrient intake adequacy and depression risk in the SUN cohort study(Springer Link, 2018) Perez-Cornago, A. (Aurora); Zazpe, I. (Itziar); Santiago, S. (Susana); Lahortiga, F. (Francisca); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena)Purpose The aim of the study was to prospectively assess the association between micronutrient intake adequacy and risk of depression. Methods This dynamic cohort study involves Spanish university graduates (SUN Project). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Micronutrient intake adequacy for vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, A, D, E, folic acid, zinc, iodine, selenium, iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and chrome was estimated. Inadequate intake for each nutrient was defined when the intake of the nutrient was below the estimated average requirements (EAR) if available or the adequate intake levels, if EARs were not available. We compared participants with inadequate intake for ≥4 nutrients vs. those with one nutrient. Participants were classified as having incident depression if they had no previous history of depression or antidepressants use at baseline, but they reported during follow-up a new clinical diagnosis of depression by a physician, use of antidepressant drugs, or both. Time-dependent multivariable Cox regression models were fitted. Results After a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 953 new cases of depression were observed among 13,983 participants. Participants with inadequate intake for ≥4 nutrients showed a significantly higher risk of depression [multivariable hazard ratio (HR) = 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.85]. When the analyses were updated with repeated assessments of intakes, the association was attenuated and it was no longer statistically significant (Multivariable HR = 1.11; 95% CI 0.82–1.51). Conclusions Micronutrient inadequacy in four or more micronutrients could exert a moderate role in the development of depression.
- Living at a geographically higher elevation is associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome: prospective analysis of the SUN Cohort(Frontiers Media, 2017) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Lopez-Pascual, A. (Amaya); Perez-Cornago, A. (Aurora); Diaz-Gutierrez, J. (Jesús); Pons-Izquierdo, J.J. (Juan José); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Gonzalez-Muniesa, P. (Pedro); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen)Living in a geographically higher altitude affects oxygen availability. The possible connection between environmental factors and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) feature is not fully understood, being the available epidemiological evidence still very limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the longitudinal association between altitude and incidence of MetS and each of its components in a prospective Spanish cohort, The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) project. Our study included 6860 highly educated subjects (university graduates) free from any MetS criteria at baseline. The altitude of residence was imputed with the postal code of each individual subject residence according to the data of the Spanish National Cartographic Institute and participants were categorized into tertiles. MetS was defined according to the harmonized definition. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between the altitude of residence and the risk of MetS during follow-up. After a median follow-up period of 10 years, 462 incident cases of MetS were identified. When adjusting for potential confounders, subjects in the highest category of altitude (>456m) exhibited a significantly lower risk of developing MetS compared to those in the lowes ttertile (<122m) of altitude of residence [Model2:Hazardratio=0.75(95%Confidenceinterval:0.58–0.97);pfortrend=0.029]. Living at geographically higher altitude was associated with alower risk of developing MetS in the SUN project. Our findings suggest that geographical elevation may be an important factor linked to metabolic diseases.
- DNA hypermethylation of the serotonin receptor type-2A gene is associated with a worse response to a weight loss intervention in subjects with metabolic syndrome(MDPI (Molecular Diversity Preservation International), 2014) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Perez-Cornago, A. (Aurora); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Mansego-Talavera, M.L. (María Luisa)Understanding the regulation of gene activities depending on DNA methylation has been the subject of much recent study. However, although polymorphisms of the HTR2A gene have been associated with both obesity and psychiatric disorders, the role of HTR2A gene methylation in these illnesses remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of HTR2A gene promoter methylation levels in white blood cells (WBC) with obesity traits and depressive symptoms in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) enrolled in a behavioural weight loss programme. Analyses were based on 41 volunteers (mean age 49 ± 1 year) recruited within the RESMENA study. Depressive symptoms (as determined using the Beck Depression Inventory), anthropometric and biochemical measurements were analysed at the beginning and after six months of weight loss treatment. At baseline, DNA from WBC was isolated and cytosine methylation in the HTR2A gene promoter was quantified by a microarray approach. In the whole-study sample, a positive association of HTR2A gene methylation with waist circumference and insulin levels was detected at baseline. Obesity measures significantly improved after six months of dietary treatment, where a lower mean HTR2A gene methylation at baseline was associated with major reductions in body weight, BMI and fat mass after the treatment. Moreover, mean HTR2A gene methylation at baseline significantly predicted the decrease in depressive symptoms after the weight loss treatment. In conclusion, this study provides newer evidence that hypermethylation of the HTR2A gene in WBC at baseline is significantly associated with a worse response to a weight-loss intervention and with a lower decrease in depressive symptoms after the dietary treatment in subjects with MetS.
- Metabolomics identifies changes in fatty acid and amino acid profiles in serum of overweight older adults following a weight loss intervention(Springer, 2014) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Hermsdorff, H.H. (H. H.); Perez-Cornago, A. (Aurora); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Brennan, L. (Lorraine); O'Gorman, A. (A.); Ibero-Baraibar, I. (Idoia)The application of metabolomics in nutritional research may be a useful tool to analyse and predict the response to a dietary intervention. The aim of this study was to examine metabolic changes in serum samples following exposure to an energy-restricted diet (-15% of daily energy requirements) over a period of 8weeks in overweight and obese older adults (n=22) using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) metabolomic approach. After 8weeks, there were significant reductions in weight (7%) and metabolic improvement (glucose and lipid profiles). Metabolomic analysis found that total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), including palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), were significantly decreased after the 8-week intervention. Furthermore, palmitoleic acid (C16:1) was found to be a negative predictor of change in body fat loss. Both the total omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly decreased, although the overall total amounts of PUFAs did not. The branched chain amino acid (BCAA) isoleucine significantly decreased in the serum samples after the intervention. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the weight loss intervention based on a hypocaloric diet identified changes in the metabolic profiles of serum in overweight and obese older adults, with a reduction in anthropometric and biochemical parameters also found.
- Underlying processes behind weight loss in overweight individuals following different energy-restricted diets: psychological, metabolomic and epigenetic mechanisms(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2014) Perez-Cornago, A. (Aurora); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles)El tribunal de esta tesis estuvo constituido por: - Dr. D. Salvador Zamora Navarro, Catedrático de Fisiología, Universidad de Murcia. - Dr. D. Miguel Ángel Martínez González, Catedrático de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra. - Dr. D. João Joaquim Rodrigues da Silva Breda, Investigador, WHO Regional Office for Europe - Dr Dª. Itziar Abete, Investigadora, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia. - Dr Dª. María Teresa Macarulla Arenaza, Profesora Titular de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad del País Vasco.
- A decline in inflammation is associated with less depressive symptoms after a dietary intervention in metabolic syndrome patients: a longitudinal study(BioMed Central, 2014) Lacunza, C.I. (Clara I.); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Perez-Cornago, A. (Aurora); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Lahortiga, F. (Francisca); Navas-Carretero, S. (Santiago); Abete, I. (Itziar); Lopez-Legarrea, P. (Patricia); Iglesia, R. (Rocío) de laBACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depression have become two prevalent diseases worldwide, whose interaction needs further investigation. Dietary treatment for weight loss in patients with MetS may improve depressive manifestations, however, the precise interactive pathways remain uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a hypocaloric diet designed to reduce MetS features on self-perceived depression and the possible underlying factors. METHODS: Sixty subjects (Age:50 +/- 1 y; BMI:36.1 +/- 0.6 kg/m2) with MetS were selected from the RESMENA study (control and intervention) after they completed the 6-months hypocaloric treatment and rated for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements including leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin levels were evaluated. RESULTS: Depressive symptoms decreased during the weight loss intervention, with no differences between both dietary groups (control group -4.2 +/- 0.8 vs RESMENA group -3.2 +/- 0.6, P = 0.490). The number of criteria of the MetS was higher among subjects with more somatic-related depressive symptoms at baseline (B = 1.032, P-trend = 0.017). After six months of dietary treatment, body weight decreased in all subjects (-8.7%; confidence interval (95%CI) = 7.0-9.7) and also self-perceived depression (-37.9%; 95%CI = 2.7-4.9), as well as circulating leptin (-20.1%; 95%CI = 1.8-6.8), CRP (-42.8%; 95%CI = 0.6-3.0) and insulin (-37.7%; 95%CI = 4.1-7.2) concentrations. The decrease in BDI was significantly associated with declines in body fat mass (B = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.11-0.56) and also with the decrease in leptin (B = 0.16, 95%CI = 0.04-0.28) and CRP (B = 0.24, 95%CI = 0.01-0.46) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in depressive manifestations after a weight loss intervention was related with adiposity, CRP and leptin in subjects with MetS.