Lopez-Galvez, M.I. (María Isabel)
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- Do nutritional supplements have a role in age macular degeneration prevention?(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014) Salas, A. (Anna); Diaz-Llopis, M. (Manuel); Gomez-Ulla, F. (Francisco); Arias, L. (Luis); Lopez-Galvez, M.I. (María Isabel); Garcia-Medina, J.J. (José Javier); Araiz, J. (Javier); Garcia-Layana, A. (Alfredo); Zapata, M. (Miguel); Gallego-Pinazo, R. (Roberto); Pinazo-Duran, M.D. (M. Dolores); Casaroli-Marano, R. (Ricardo); Manzanas, L. (Lucía)Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids ( ω -3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω -3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω -3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω -3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.