Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)
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- The Sooner, the Worse? Association between earlier age of sexual initiation and worse adolescent health and well-being outcomes(2017) Carlos-Chillerón, S. (Silvia); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)This cross-sectional study assesses the association between age of sexual initiation during adolescence and a selection of well-being outcomes regarding that first relationship. High-school adolescents from El Salvador (2,686) and from Peru (3,399) replied to a paper-pencil questionnaire. Those who were sexually initiated replied to several questions regarding their age at sexual initiation, condom use, satisfaction and reasons/circumstances for that sexual relationship. Approximately 19% of participants were sexually initiated (n=1,179). After retaining participants with valid responses and with sexual initiation ages between 13 and 17, the final sample for this paper consisted of 996 sexually initiated participants (526 Salvadorians and 470 Peruvians). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that those who initiated sex at earlier ages had worse outcomes compared to those who initiated at older ages. Specifically, they had lower odds of having used a condom, of having good memories of that experience and of having had that first relationship because they were in love. Conversely, they had higher odds of having had that first sexual relationship as a result of peer pressure, because of partner pressure, or as a consequence of different forms of impaired autonomy. Results show that sex at earlier ages is associated with worse adolescent health and well-being outcomes.
- Intrauterine device and cervical cancer: we need more evidence(2011-12) Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)
- Informed choice in family planning: what do women want to know?(Elsevier, 2015) Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)
- Factors that lead to changes in sexual behaviours after a negative HIV test: protocol for a prospective cohort study in Kinshasa(BMC Public Health, 2016-07-20) Carlos-Chillerón, S. (Silvia); Burgueño, E. (Eduardo); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Nzakimuena, F. (Francis); Reina, G. (Gabriel); Ndarabu, A. (Adolphe); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)Background: Considering the high percentage of couples in which one or both members are HIV negative, the frequency of transmission among non-regular partners and the probabilities of non-disclosure, attention should be paid to people getting a negative HIV test at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT). Research has shown that a negative HIV test may be followed by a change in sexual behaviours. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where most HIV infections occur, there are few studies that have analysed the factors associated with changes in sexual risk behaviours after a negative HIV test at the VCT clinic. The aim of this project is to evaluate the specific factors associated with changes in sexual behaviours, three months after a negative result in an HIV test, and to analyse the effect of counseling and testing on HIV-related knowledge of participants in an outpatient centre of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo). Methods and design: Prospective cohort study from December 2014 until March 2016. People 15-60 year old that received VCT at Monkole Hospital (Kinshasa) were followed three months after they got a negative HIV test. In a face-to-face interview, participants replied to a baseline and a follow-up research questionnaire on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. At follow-up respondents were also offered a new HIV test and additional HIV counseling. Four hundred and fifteen participants completed the baseline questionnaire and 363 (87 %) came back for their 3-month follow up. Discussion: This is the first longitudinal study in the DRC that evaluates the factors associated with changes in sexual behaviours after a negative HIV test at the VCT. Participants attending the VCT services within a clinical setting are a good study population as they can be good transmitters of preventive information for other people with no access to health facilities.
- La vivencia de la sexualidad en las parejas infértiles/estériles(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2017) Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)Antecedentes: La infertilidad supone una crisis vital para la pareja. Son abundantes los estudios sobre su impacto psicológico en la mujer y el varón. Se han descrito también disfunciones sexuales debidas a la infertilidad. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la vivencia de la sexualidad en las parejas infértiles/estériles y revisar si los protocolos de atención a parejas infértiles incluyen el abordaje de la sexualidad. Métodos: Búsqueda en PubMed de estudios descriptivos, analíticos, revisiones y meta- análisis que evalúen la presencia de disfunciones en personas infértiles. Búsqueda de guías de sociedades científicas sobre el abordaje de la infertilidad. Resultados: En las parejas infértiles se han descrito fundamentalmente disminución del deseo sexual, problemas de excitación y orgasmo en la mujer y disfunción eréctil y trastornos eyaculatorios en el varón. Los estudios revisados tienen importantes limitaciones metodológicas que impiden realizar generalizaciones a la población infértil y determinar si la infertilidad aumenta el riesgo de disfunciones sexuales. Existen guías de atención a las parejas infértiles/estériles que incluyen recomendaciones sobre la evaluación y el abordaje de la vivencia de la sexualidad, aunque la mayoría se dirigen a las parejas que recurren a las terapias de reproducción asistida. Conclusiones: Las parejas infértiles pueden presentar disfunciones sexuales. Son aconsejables más estudios, adecuadamente diseñados, para estimar la prevalencia real de disfunciones sexuales en las parejas fértiles e infértiles y dilucidar si la infertilidad es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar dichas disfunciones. De esta manera se mejoraría la información que se ofrece a las parejas infértiles/estériles.
- Male condom use, multiple sexual partners and HIV: a prospective case-control study in Kinshasa (DRC)(AIDS Care, 2016-11-02) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Carlos-Chillerón, S. (Silvia); Burgueño, E. (Eduardo); Passabosc, C. (Clément); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Ndarabu, A. (Adolphe); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)In the Democratic Republic of Congo no previous studies have assessed the factors associated with different patterns of condom use and with multiple sexual partners and the association between condom use simultaneously taking into account multiple sexual partnerships, and HIV infection. We carried out a prospective case-control study. From December 2010 until June 2012, 1,630 participants aged 15-49 getting HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing in a hospital in Kinshasa were selected. Cases were new HIV diagnosis and controls were HIV-negative participants detected along the study period. We recruited 274 cases and 1,340 controls that were interviewed about HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Among cases there was a high prevalence of multiple lifetime and concurrent sexual partnerships (89.8% and 20.4%, respectively) and most cases never used condoms with only 1.5% using them consistently. Condom use and multiple partnerships were associated with male, single and high-educated participants. An association was found between multiple lifetime partners and `any condom use´ (OR=2.99; 95%CI: 2.14-4.19) but not with consistent use. Both having two or more multiple concurrent sexual partners or not using condoms were variables similarly and highly associated to HIV risk. The association found between having two or more concurrent sexual partners and HIV was slightly higher (OR=3.58, 95%CI:2.31-5-56) than the association found between never condom use and HIV (OR=3.38, 95%CI:1.15-9.93). We found a high prevalence of multiple lifetime sexual partners and an extremely high prevalence of inconsistent condom use, both strongly associated with HIV seropositivity. Local programs would benefit from comprehensive interventions targeting all behavioural and sociocultural determinants.
- Parental knowledge and adolescents' risk behaviors(2016) Carlos-Chillerón, S. (Silvia); Trullols, F. (Fernando); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Beltramo, C. (Carlos); Albertos-San-José, A. (Aránzazu)In this paper we study whether parental knowledge of adolescents’ activities varies according to socio-demographic variables, and we analyze the possible association between parental knowledge patterns and certain risk behaviors among adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed with representative samples of high-school students in Peru and El Salvador. A questionnaire assessed risk behaviors, as well as possible determinants, including parental knowledge. The questionnaire was answered by 6,208 adolescents. We observed that the greater the degree of knowledge, the lower the frequency of risk behaviors among youth. The degree of knowledge was inversely associated with children’s age, and we observed that being female was associated with a greater degree of parental knowledge. The study shows that parents’ supervision criteria might be influenced by gender stereotypes, which would have a harmful effect on young males, as the lower degree of knowledge puts them at higher odds of risk behaviors.
- Factores de riesgo relacionados con la salud sexual en los jóvenes europeos(Doyma, 2012) Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Calatrava, M. (María)En Europa, seguimos asistiendo a un aumento de la transmisión sexual del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Para priorizar estrategias de salud sexual, resulta importante identificar los factores sexuales de riesgo presentes en los jóvenes europeos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos y estudios de instituciones oficiales europeas. En total, fueron identificados 21 artículos y 10 estudios. Los datos sugieren un aumento de la iniciación sexual juvenil y del número de parejas sexuales. El 15-20% de los jóvenes usan de forma inconstante el preservativo. Entre los conocimientos y actitudes de riesgo detectadas encontramos: desconocer otras ITS distintas al VIH, tener una actitud favorable a las relaciones sexuales casuales, creer erróneamente que algunas medidas son eficaces para prevenir el VIH, desconocer los riesgos de tener múltiples parejas sexuales y desconocer la transmisión sexual del VIH. Los datos subrayan la necesidad de mejorar los mensajes transmitidos a los jóvenes.
- Relationships, Love and Sexuality: What the Filipino Teens Think and Feel(2009-08) Guzman, F.O. (Filipinas O.) de; Belen, V.A. (Vina A.); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Torralba, A.N. (Antonio N.); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Calatrava, M. (María)Background In order to achieve a change among teens' sexual behavior, an important step is to improve our knowledge about their opinions concerning relationships, love and sexuality. Methods A questionnaire including topics on relationships, love and sexuality was distributed to a target population of 4,000 Filipino students from third year high school to third year college. Participants were obtained through multi-stage sampling of clusters of universities and schools. This paper concentrates on teens aged 13 to 18. Results Students reported that they obtained information about love and sexuality mainly from friends. However, they valued parents' opinion more than friends'. They revealed few conversations with their parents on these topics. A majority of them would like to have more information, mainly about emotion-related topics. Almost half of respondents were not aware that condoms are not 100% effective in preventing STIs or pregnancies. More girls, compared to boys, were sensitive and opposed to several types of sexism. After adjusting for sex, age and institution, the belief of 100% condom effectiveness and the approval of pornography and sexism were associated with being sexually experienced. Conclusion There is room for further encouraging parents to talk more with their children about sexuality, specially aspects related to feelings and emotions in order to help them make better sexual choices. Indeed, teens wish to better communicate with their parents on these issues. Condoms are regarded as safer than what they really are by almost half of the participants of this study, and such incorrect knowledge seems to be associated with sexual initiation.
- Informing Youth abouth the Age of Sexual Initiation using Means and Percentages(2014) Carlos-Chillerón, S. (Silvia); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)ABSTRACT The common statistical indicator “mean age of first sex” can be misinterpreted by youth to indicate that most of their peers of the same age are sexually initiated, when this is not usually the case. This can jeopardize efforts to delay sexual initiation. University students were randomly assigned to one of two versions of an anonymous survey. They were asked to estimate how common sexual initiation was at a given age upon being presented with statements with different wordings, such as the “mean age of first sex” or “proportions of youth at different ages having had sex.” Their interpretations were compared using logistic regression. Students who were assigned surveys using the indicator “mean age” of sexual initiation had higher odds of overestimating the extent of sexual initiation compared to those assigned surveys using percentages as the indicator, even after adjusting for student’s sex and degree. We encourage the use of the “percentage” of youth, at different ages, who are sexually initiated as a more reliable indicator.