Sosa, J. (Javier)

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    Design of a wireless and batteryless heart rate monitor.
    (IEEE, 2017) Solar, H. (Hector); Sosa, J. (Javier)
    This paper presents the design of a wireless and batteryless heart rate monitor. The measurement is done using a single-lead ECG raw signal. The design is based on a commercial ultra low power microcontroller, an optimized full-custom RF Front-End, a ultra low power Threshold Comparator and a Programmable Gain Amplifier implemented in commercial 90 nm CMOS. The communications are compliant with the ISO 11784/11785 HDX standard. The complete design consumes only 15 mu W and the heart rate measurement is done in only 3.2 seconds. A comparison with the best literature approach demonstrate that presented design is a 45% more efficient in terms of energy.
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    Semi-passive UHF RFID sensor tags: A comprehensive review
    (2023) Montiel-Nelson, J.A.(Juan A.); Berenguer-Pérez, R.J. (Roque José); Beriain, A. (Andoni); Solar, H. (Hector); Sosa, J. (Javier)
    This paper presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of the state-of-the-art (SoA) in semi-passive or Battery-Assisted (BAP) Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor tags compliant with EPC Global G2/ISO-18000C. These tags operate on the same communication principle as fully passive sensor tags but incorporate a battery or an energy harvesting module. This additional power source extends communication ranges and enables power demanding applications using low-power microcontrollers (MCUs) and higher-end sensors. This article also analyzes various key features, including tag integrated circuit (IC) architecture, types of energy harvesting modules, and communication range. The main conclusions are threefold. Firstly, selecting the appropriate tag IC requires a careful analysis of its features such as sensitivity, sensor interfaces, or data logging capabilities. For instance, among the solutions examined in the SoA, half of them opted for a tag IC capable of MCU communication via SPI or I2C buses. Secondly, it is essential to assess both the forward and backward communication links to leverage the sensitivity of the tag IC in BAP mode. Interestingly, only one-third of the SoA solutions achieved the theoretical communication range anticipated by the sensitivity of the tag IC. Finally, an energy budget analysis is required to ensure that the energy generation suffices to meet the energy requirements of the tag. While most solutions rely on batteries as the energy source and analyze battery lifespan, only a few studies employing energy harvesters conduct an energy budget analysis due to the additional complexity involved.