Dietrich, S. (Stefan)

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    Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies
    (2022) Maskarinec, G. (Gertraud); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Schulze, M.B. (Matthias B.); Wolk, A. (Alicja); Bishop, T.R.P. (Tom R. P.); Kivimaki, M. (Mika); Kim, M.K. (Mi Kyung); Poustchi, H. (Hossein); Kim, J. (Jihye); Malekzadeh, R. (Reza); Byberg, L. (Liisa); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Akbaraly, T. (Tasnime); Alvim-de-Matos, S.M. (Sheila M.); O'Donoghue, G. (Gráinne); Luft, V.C. (Vivian C.); Dietrich, S. (Stefan); Shaw, J.E. (Jonathan E.); Stern, D. (Dalia); Jannasch, F. (Franziska); Forouhi, N.G. (Nita G.); Soedamah-Muthu, S.S. (Sabita S.); Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro); Fanidi, A. (Anouar); Kim, Y. (Yeonjung); Hashemian, M. (Maryam); Le-Marchand, L. (Loic); Wareham, N.J. (Nicholas J.); O'Gorman, D. (Donal); Pearce, M. (Matthew); Magliano, D.J. (Dianna J.); Vollenweider, P. (Peter); Lajous, M. (Martin)
    Purpose In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world. Methods This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8-25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis. Results 29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059-1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (I-2 = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027-1.088). Conclusion Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP-T2D associations were confirmed.
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    Associations of total legume, pulse, and soy consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: federated meta-analysis of 27 studies from diverse world regions
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Pearce, M. (Matthew); Fanidi, A. (Anouar); Bishop, T.R.P. (Tom R. P.); Sharp, S.J. (Stephen J.); Imamura, F. (Fumiaki); Dietrich, S. (Stefan); Akbaraly, T. (Tasnime); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Beulens, J.W.J. (Joline W.J.); Byberg, L. (Liisa); Canhada, S. (Scheine); Molina, M.C.B (Maria del Carmen B.); Chen, Z. (Zhengming); Cortes-Valencia, A. (Adrian); Du, H. (Huaidong); Duncan, B.B. (Bruce B.); Härkänen, T. (Tommi); Hashemian, M. (Maryam); Kim, J. (Jihye); Kim, M.K. (Mi Kyung); Kim, Y. (Yeonjung); Knekt, P. (Paul); Kromhout, D. (Daan); Lassale, C. (Camille); Lopez-Ridaura, R. (Ruy); Magliano, D.J. (Dianna J.); Malekzadeh, R. (Reza); Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro); NO USAR Martínez-González, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); O'Donoghue, G. (Gráinne); O'Gorman, D. (Donal)
    Background: The consumption of legumes is promoted as part of a healthy diet in many countries but associations of total and types of legume consumption with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not well established. Analyses across diverse populations are lacking despite the availability of unpublished legume consumption data in prospective cohort studies. Objective: To examine the prospective associations of total and types of legume intake with the risk of incident T2D. Methods: Meta-analyses of associations between total legume, pulse, and soy consumption and T2D were conducted using a federated approach without physical data-pooling. Prospective cohorts were included if legume exposure and T2D outcome data were available and the cohort investigators agreed to participate. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and CIs of associations using individual participant data including ≤42,473 incident cases among 807,785 adults without diabetes in 27 cohorts across the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, and Western Pacific. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates and estimate heterogeneity. Results: Median total legume intake ranged from 0-140 g/d across cohorts. We observed a weak positive association between total legume consumption and T2D (IRR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04) per 20 g/d higher intake, with moderately high heterogeneity (I2 = 74%). Analysis by region showed no evidence of associations in the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific. The positive association in Europe (IRR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.10, I2 = 82%) was mainly driven by studies from Germany, UK, and Sweden. No evidence of associations was observed for the consumption of pulses or soy. Conclusions: These findings suggest no evidence of an association of legume intakes with T2D in several world regions. The positive association observed in some European studies warrants further investigation relating to overall dietary contexts in which legumes are consumed, including accompanying foods which may be positively associated with T2D.