Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel)
- Publications
- item.page.relationships.isContributorAdvisorOfPublication
- item.page.relationships.isContributorOfPublication
92 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 92
- A review of a priori defined oxidative balance scores relative to their components and impact on health outcomes(MDPI AG, 2019) Molina-Montes, E. (Esther); Hernández, E. (Eduardo); García-Villanova, B. (Belén); Hernández-Ruiz, Á; Amiano, P. (Pilar); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel)Oxidative Balance Scores (OBSs) are tools that have emerged to evaluate the global balance of individuals’ oxidation—reduction status. The aim was to compare OBSs available in the literature regarding their characteristics and associations with chronic diseases in epidemiological studies. Studies that developed OBSs were searched in PubMed until August 2018. A total of 21 OBSs were identified. These OBSs presented different scoring schemes and different types of anti- and pro-oxidant components, including dietary factors (dietary intake and/or nutrient biomarkers), lifestyle factors, and medications. Most OBSs were based on over 10 components, and some included only dietary factors. Few considered weighted components in the score. Only three OBSs were validated as potential surrogates of oxidative balance through inflammation and OS-related biomarkers. Notably, all the OBSs were associated—to a varying degree—with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, colorectal adenomas, and different cancer types (colorectal and breast cancer), as well as with all-cause and cancer-related mortality. For other outcomes, e.g., prostate cancer, contradictory results were reported. In summary, there is a great heterogeneity in the definition of OBSs. Most studies are concordant in supporting that excessive OS reflected by a lower OBS has deleterious effects on health. Unified criteria for defining the proper OBSs, valuable to gauge OS-related aspects of the diet and lifestyle that may lead to adverse health outcomes, are needed.
- Intention to treat analysis is related to methodological quality(BMJ Publishing Group, 2000) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel)
- A remote nutritional intervention to change the dietary habits of patients undergoing ablation of atrial fibrillation: randomized controlled trial(JMIR Publications, 2020) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Castellanos, E. (Eduardo); Macias-Ruiz, R. (Rosa); Almendral, J. (Jesús); Barrio-Lopez, M.T. (Maria T.); Ibáñez-Criado, A. (Alicia); Goñi-Mateos, L. (Leticia); Tercedor, L. (Luis); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Garcia-Bolao, I. (Ignacio); De-la-O-Pascual, V. (Víctor); Ramos, P. (Pablo); Ibáñez-Criado, J.L. (José Luis)Background: The Prevention With Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) trial supported the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention conducted by a dietitian to prevent cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of a remote intervention to follow the Mediterranean diet has been less explored. Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a remotely provided Mediterranean diet–based nutritional intervention in obtaining favorable dietary changes in the context of a secondary prevention trial of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: The PREvention of recurrent arrhythmias with Mediterranean diet (PREDIMAR) study is a 2-year multicenter, randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial to assess the effect of the Mediterranean diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the prevention of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation. Participants in sinus rhythm after ablation were randomly assigned to an intervention group (Mediterranean diet enriched with EVOO) or a control group (usual clinical care). The remote nutritional intervention included phone contacts (1 per 3 months) and web-based interventions with provision of dietary recommendations, and participants had access to a web page, a mobile app, and printed resources. The information is divided into 6 areas: Recommended foods, Menus, News and Online resources, Practical tips, Mediterranean diet classroom, and Your personal experience. At baseline and at 1-year and 2-year follow-up, the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were collected by a dietitian by phone.
- Metabolomics and microbiomes as potential tools to evaluate the effects of the mediterranean diet(MDPI AG, 2019) Jin, Q. (Qi); Kales, S.N. (Stefanos N.); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Vattem, D. (Dhiraj); Sotos-Prieto, M. (Mercedes); Black, A. (Alicen)The approach to studying diet–health relationships has progressively shifted from individual dietary components to overall dietary patterns that affect the interaction and balance of low-molecular-weight metabolites (metabolome) and host-enteric microbial ecology (microbiome). Even though the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been recognized as a powerful strategy to improve health, the accurate assessment of exposure to the MedDiet has been a major challenge in epidemiological and clinical studies. Interestingly, while the effects of individual dietary components on the metabolome have been described, studies investigating metabolomic profiles in response to overall dietary patterns (including the MedDiet), although limited, have been gaining attention. Similarly, the beneficial effects of the MedDiet on cardiometabolic outcomes may be mediated through gut microbial changes. Accumulating evidence linking food ingestion and enteric microbiome alterations merits the evaluation of the microbiome-mediated effects of the MedDiet on metabolic pathways implicated in disease. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence from observational and clinical trials involving the MedDiet by (1) assessing changes in the metabolome and microbiome for the measurement of diet pattern adherence and (2) assessing health outcomes related to the MedDiet through alterations to human metabolomics and/or the microbiome.
- Dietary inflammatory index and incidence of cardiovascular disease in the SUN cohort(Public Library of Science, 2015) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Shivappa, N. (Nitin); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Hernandez-Hernandez, A. (Aitor); Ramallal, R. (Raul); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Hebert, J.R. (James R.); Garcia-Arellano, A. (Ana)BACKGROUND: Diet is known to play a key role in atherogenesis and in the development of cardiovascular events. Dietary factors may mediate these processes acting as potential modulators of inflammation. Potential Links between inflammatory properties of diet and the occurrence of cardiovascular events have not been tested previously. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII), a method to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet, and incident cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In the prospective, dynamic SUN cohort, 18,794 middle-aged, Spanish university graduates were followed up for 8.9 years (median). A validated 136-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the DII. The DII is based on scientific evidence about the relationship between diet and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the DII and incident cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death). RESULTS: The risk for cardiovascular events progressively increased with each increasing quartile of DII (ptrend = 0.017). The multivariable-adjusted HR for participants in the highest (most pro-inflammatory) vs. the lowest quartile of the DII was 2.03 (95% CI 1.06-3.88). CONCLUSIONS: A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a significantly higher risk for developing cardiovascular events.
- Mercury exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease: a nested casecontrol study in the PREDIMED (PREvention with MEDiterranean Diet) study(Bio Med Central, 2017) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Garcia-Rodriguez, A. (Antonio); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Lapetra, J. (José); Muñoz, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Downer, M.K. (Mary Kathryn); Gutierrez-Bedmar, M. (Mario); Bullo, M. (Monica); Stampfer, M. (Meir); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Gea, A. (Alfredo); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Aros, F. (Fernando)Background: Substantial evidence suggests that consuming 1–2 servings of fish per week, particularly oily fish (e.g., salmon, herring, sardines) is beneficial for cardiovascular health due to its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, there is some concern that the mercury content in fish may increase cardiovascular disease risk, but this relationship remains unclear. Methods: The PREDIMED trial included 7477 participants who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease at baseline. In this study, we evaluated associations between mercury exposure, fish consumption and cardiovascular disease. We randomly selected 147 of the 288 cases diagnosed with cardiovascular disease during follow-up and matched them on age and sex to 267 controls. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess toenail mercury concentration. In-person interviews, medical record reviews and validated questionnaires were used to assess fish consumption and other covariates. Information was collected at baseline and updated yearly during follow-up. We used conditional logistic regression to evaluate associations in the total nested case-control study, and unconditional logistic regression for population subsets. Results: Mean (±SD) toenail mercury concentrations (μg per gram) did not significantly differ between cases (0.63 (±0.53)) and controls (0.67 (±0.49)). Mercury concentration was not associated with cardiovascular disease in any analysis, and neither was fish consumption or n-3 fatty acids. The fully-adjusted relative risks for the highest versus lowest quartile of mercury concentration were 0.71 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.34, 1.14; ptrend = 0.37) for the nested case-control study, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.32, 1.76; ptrend = 0.43) within the Mediterranean diet intervention group, and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.13, 1.96; ptrend = 0.41) within the control arm of the trial. Associations remained null when mercury was jointly assessed with fish consumption at baseline and during follow-up. Results were similar in different sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: We found no evidence that mercury exposure from regular fish consumption increases cardiovascular disease risk in a population of Spanish adults with high cardiovascular disease risk and high fish consumption. This implies that the mercury content in fish does not detract from the already established cardiovascular benefits of fish consumption.
- Consumo de jamón curado e incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares, hipertensión arterial o ganancia de peso(Doyma, 2009) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Zazpe, I. (Itziar); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel)Fundamento y objetivo: El jamón curado es uno de los alimentos característicos de la dieta mediterránea española. Sin embargo, no existe ningún estudio epidemiológico prospectivo que haya valorado sus efectos sobre la salud humana. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de jamón curado y la incidencia de hipertensión arterial, enfermedad cardiovascular y/o ganancia de peso. Sujetos y método: En una cohorte epidemiológica prospectiva y dinámica de 13.293 graduados universitarios (Proyecto SUN) se analizó la incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, hipertensión arterial y la ganancia de peso a lo largo de un seguimiento máximo de 6 años. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión de Cox para estimar hazard ratios (riesgos relativos [RR]) tras ajustar por posibles factores de confusión. Resultados: El consumo de jamón en los niveles más altos (> 4 raciones/semana) no presentaba asociación con la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares (RR=1,02; [IC 95%: 0,44-2,39]), tras ajustar por edad, sexo, ingesta energética total y patrón dietético, en comparación con los consumos inferiores a una vez por semana. Al repetir esta comparación para la hipertensión, y tras ajustar por edad, sexo, ingesta energética total e índice de masa corporal, se encontró un RR = 0.74 (IC 95%: 0.55-1.01). En la comparación del cambio de peso medio anual entre estas mismas categorías extremas de consumo (<1 versus >=4 raciones) se encontró una diferencia no significativa de 0,033 kg (IC 95%: -0,041 a +0,107) en la ganancia media de peso al año tras ajustar por sexo, edad, tabaco, actividad física e índice de masa corporal inicial. Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta cohorte no proporcionan evidencia de que el consumo de jamón curado se asocie a mayor riesgo cardiovascular, de hipertensión arterial o de ganancia de peso.Background and objective: Cured ham is a characteristic food in Spanish Mediterranean diet. However, no prospective epidemiologic study assessing its effects on human health is available. Our aim was to assess the association between the consumption of cured ham and cardiovascular disease, hypertension or weight gain. Subjects and Method: In a prospective and dynamic epidemiologic cohort composed exclusively of university graduates (the SUN Project, n=13,293), we analyzed the incidence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension or average yearly weight gain after a maximum follow-up of 6 years. Cox (proportional hazards) regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (relative risks [RR]) after adjusting for potential confounding. Results: No association was found between higher levels of consumption of cured ham (> 4 servings/week) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (RR=1.02; [95%CI]: 0.44-2.39), in analyses adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake and dietary pattern, compared to the consumption of less than one serving a week. When we repeated this comparison for the incidence of hypertension, and adjusting for age, sex, total energy intake and body mass index, the RR was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55-1.01). In the comparison of average yearly weight gain between these extreme categories of cured ham consumption (<1 versus >=4 servings/week) a non-significant difference of 0.033 kg (95% CI: -0.041 to 0.107) was found after adjusting for sex, age, smoking, physical activity, and baseline body mass index. Conclusions: The results of this cohort study do not support any association between the consumption of cured ham and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension or weight gain.
- Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Depression: The SUN Project(Public Library of Science, 2011-01-26) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Verberne, L. (Lisa); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis)Emerging evidence relates some nutritional factors to depression risk. However, there is a scarcity of longitudinal assessments on this relationship. Objective: To evaluate the association between fatty acid intake or the use of culinary fats and depression incidence in a Mediterranean population. Material and Methods: Prospective cohort study (1999–2010) of 12,059 Spanish university graduates (mean age: 37.5 years) initially free of depression with permanently open enrolment. At baseline, a 136-item validated food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate the intake of fatty acids (saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), trans unsaturated fatty acids (TFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and culinary fats (olive oil, seed oils, butter and margarine) During follow-up participants were classified as incident cases of depression if they reported a new clinical diagnosis of depression by a physician and/or initiated the use of antidepressant drugs. Cox regression models were used to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) of incident depression and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for successive quintiles of fats. Results: During follow-up (median: 6.1 years), 657 new cases of depression were identified. Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for depression incidence across successive quintiles of TFA intake were: 1 (ref), 1.08 (0.82–1.43), 1.17 (0.88–1.53), 1.28 (0.97–1.68), 1.42 (1.09–1.84) with a significant dose-response relationship (p for trend = 0.003). Results did not substantially change after adjusting for potential lifestyle or dietary confounders, including adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. On the other hand, an inverse and significant dose-response relationship was obtained for MUFA (p for trend = 0.05) and PUFA (p for trend = 0.03) intake. Conclusions: A detrimental relationship was found between TFA intake and depression risk, whereas weak inverse associations were found for MUFA, PUFA and olive oil. These findings suggest that cardiovascular disease and depression may share some common nutritional determinants related to subtypes of fat intake.
- Beneficial changes in food consumption and nutrient intake after 10 years of follow-up in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN project(BioMed Central, 2016) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fuente-Arrillaga, C. (Carmen) de la; Zazpe, I. (Itziar); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Santiago, S. (Susana); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Gea, A. (Alfredo)Abstract Background: The assessment of changes in dietary habits provides interesting information on whether or not the observed trends are in line with accepted nutritional guidelines. The objective was to evaluate within-subject longitudinal changes in food consumption and nutrient intake and in a 10-year follow-up study. Methods: The SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project is a prospective Spanish cohort study. Diet was assessed using a 136-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), previously validated in Spain. The participants were 3036 university graduates (55.8 % women) of Spain and the main outcome measures the changes in dietary quality and in food consumption and nutrient intake. Paired t-tests and conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate within-subject longitudinal dietary changes and the risk of inadequacy respectively, after 10 years of follow-up. Results: During follow-up, participants showed a relevant and significant increase (p < 0.001) in the consumption of fruits (7.4 %), vegetables (8.6 %), low-fat dairy products (35.2 %), lean meat (12.4 %), fish (2.9 %), whole grains (53.2 %), nuts (52.4 %) and a significant decrease in legumes (−7.4 %), whole-fat dairy products (−44.2 %), red meat (−17.6 %), sugar-sweetened beverages (−58.7 %) and wine (−11.9 %). With respect to nutrients, we found a higher proportion of carbohydrates (3.6 %) and fiber (7.4 %) and a decrease in total energy intake (2.7 %), total fat (−4.5 %), SFA (−9.4 %), MUFA (−4.9 %), PUFA (−12.7 %), w-3 and w-6 fatty acids (−9.1 and −20.5 % respectively) and cholesterol (−9.6 %). Conclusions: In this Mediterranean cohort study, mainly beneficial changes in the consumption of most foods and macronutrients were observed after 10 years of follow-up.
- The Mediterranean diet and physical activity: better together than apart for the prevention of premature mortality(2022) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Martínez-Hernández, J.A. (J. Alfredo); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Hershey-de-la-Cruz, M.S. (María Soledad); Álvarez-Álvarez, I. (Ismael)Diet and physical activity (PA) have been studied extensively in epidemiology as single or combined lifestyle factors; however, their interaction has not been studied thoroughly. Studying potential synergisms between lifestyle components with a comprehensive interaction analysis, including additive measures of interaction, provides key insights into the nature of their joint effect and helps target interventions more effectively. First, a comprehensive review was conducted to assess the potential research gap regarding reported interaction analyses conducted in studies assessing the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in combination with PA on all-cause mortality. Thereafter, we prospectively assessed the joint association of the MedDiet with PA on all-cause mortality in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort, followed by both multiplicative and additive interaction analyses. The conjoint effect of low adherence to the MedDiet and low PA observed an increased risk greater than the individual risk factors, suggesting a potential additive interaction or synergism between both exposures, with relative risk due to interaction (RERI) and (95 % confidence interval (95 % CI)) = 0.46 (-0.83 to 1.75) and attributable proportion (95 % CI) due to interaction of 36 % (-0.62, 1.34). No multiplicative interaction was detected. Studying interactions between lifestyle factors, such as the MedDiet and PA, is particularly relevant given the current research gaps in studying the complexities of combined aspects of lifestyle in comparison with isolated behaviours. Our findings underline the important public health message of adhering to both the MedDiet and PA for the prevention of premature mortality.