Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma)
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- Diagnosis and optimization of WWTPs using the PWM library: full-scale experiences.(2017-02) Fernández-Arévalo, T.(Tamara); Maiza, M. (Mikel); Beltran-Calaff, S. (Segio); Ayesa-Iturrate, E. (Eduardo); Lizarralde-Aguirrezabal, I. (Izaro); Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma)Given the shift in perception of wastewater treatment plants as water resource recovery facilities, conventional mathematical models need to be updated. The resource recovery perspective should be applied to new processes, technologies and plant layouts. The number and level of models proposed to date give an overview of the complexity of the new plant configurations and provides a wide range of possibilities and process combinations in order to construct plant layouts. This diversity makes the development of standard, modular and flexible tools and model libraries that allow the incorporation of new processes and components in a straightforward way a necessity. In this regard, the plant-wide modelling (PWM) library is a complete model library that includes conventional and advanced technologies and that allows economic and energetic analyses to be carried out in a holistic way. This paper shows the fundamentals of this PWM library that is built upon the above-mentioned premises and the application of the PWM library in three different full-scale case studies.
- Comunicar la ciencia: desafíos y oportunidades para los investigadores(2023-11) Lopez-Goñi, I. (Ignacio); Armentia, J. (Javier); Sevilla, J. (Joaquín); Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma)Con motivo de la Semana Internacional del Acceso abierto de 2023, Paloma Grau, Vicerrectora de Investigación y Sostenibilidad de la Universidad de Navarra, conversará con los investigadores y divulgadores Ignacio López-Goñi, Javier Armentia y Joaquín Sevilla acerca de los retos de la divulgación científica en el nuevo panorama de la Ciencia abierta.
- New systematic methodology for incorporating dynamic heat transfer modelling in multi-phase biochemical reactors(IWA, 2014) Fernández-Arévalo, T.(Tamara); Ayesa-Iturrate, E. (Eduardo); Lizarralde-Aguirrezabal, I. (Izaro); Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma)This paper presents a new modelling methodology for dynamically predicting the heat produced or consumed in the transformations of any biological reactor using Hess's law. Starting from a complete description of model components stoichiometry and formation enthalpies, the proposed modelling methodology has integrated successfully the simultaneous calculation of both the conventional mass balances and the enthalpy change of reaction in an expandable multi-phase matrix structure, which facilitates a detailed prediction of the main heat fluxes in the biochemical reactors. The methodology has been implemented in a plant-wide modelling methodology in order to facilitate the dynamic description of mass and heat throughout the plant. After validation with literature data, as illustrative examples of the capability of the methodology, two case studies have been described. In the first one, a predenitrification-nitrification dynamic process has been analysed, with the aim of demonstrating the easy integration of the methodology in any system. In the second case study, the simulation of a thermal model for an ATAD has shown the potential of the proposed methodology for analysing the effect of ventilation and influent characterization.
- Quantitative assessment of energy and resource recovery in wastewater treatment plants based on plant-wide simulations.(Elsevier, 2017) Fernández-Arévalo, T.(Tamara); Fernández-Polanco, F. (F.); Poch, M. (M.); Puig, S. (Sebastián); Pérez-Elvira, S.I. (S.I.); Ayesa-Iturrate, E. (Eduardo); Lizarralde-Aguirrezabal, I. (Izaro); Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma)The growing development of technologies and processes for resource treatment and recovery is offering endless possibilities for creating new plant-wide configurations or modifying existing ones. However, the configurations’ complexity, the interrelation between technologies and the influent characteristics turn decision-making into a complex or unobvious process. In this frame, the Plant-Wide Modelling (PWM) library presented in this paper allows a thorough, comprehensive and refined analysis of different plant configurations that are basic aspects in decision-making from an energy and resource recovery perspective. In order to demonstrate the potential of the library and the need to run simulation analyses, this paper carries out a comparative analysis of WWTPs, from a techno-economic point of view. The selected layouts were (1) a conventional WWTP based on a modified version of the Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2, (2) an upgraded or retrofitted WWTP, and (3) a new Wastewater Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRF) concept denominated as C/N/P decoupling WWTP. The study was based on a preliminary analysis of the organic matter and nutrient energy use and recovery options, a comprehensive mass and energy flux distribution analysis in each configuration in order to compare and identify areas for improvement, and a cost analysis of each plant for different influent COD/TN/TP ratios. Analysing the plants from a standpoint of resources and energy utilization, a low utilization of the energy content of the components could be observed in all configurations. In the conventional plant, the COD used to produce biogas was around 29%, the upgraded plant was around 36%, and 34% in the C/N/P decoupling WWTP. With regard to the self-sufficiency of plants, achieving self-sufficiency was not possible in the conventional plant, in the upgraded plant it depended on the influent C/N ratio, and in the C/N/P decoupling WWTP layout self-sufficiency was feasible for almost all influents, especially at high COD concentrations. The plant layouts proposed in this paper are just a sample of the possibilities offered by current technologies. Even so, the library presented here is generic and can be used to construct any other plant layout, provided that a model is available.
- A new plant-wide modelling methodology for WWTPs(Elsevier, 2007) Gracia, M.(M.) de; Vanrolleghem, P.A. (P.A.) (NO USAR); Ayesa-Iturrate, E. (Eduardo); Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma)This paper presents a new plant-wide modelling methodology for describing the dynamic behaviour of water and sludge lines in WWTPs. The methodology is based on selecting the set of process transformations needed for each specific WWTP to model all unit-process elements in the entire plant. This "transformation-based" approach, in comparison with the conventional "process-based" approach, does not require the development of specific transformers to interface the resulting unit-process models, facilitates the mass and charge continuity throughout the whole plant and is flexible enough to construct models tailored for each plant under study. As an illustrative example, a plant-wide model for a WWTP that includes carbon removal and anaerobic digestion has been constructed, and the main advantages of the proposed methodology for integrated modelling have been demonstrated. As a final consequence, this paper proposes a rewriting of the existing unit-process models according to the new standard transformation-based approach for integrated modelling purposes
- Lean-green improvement opportunities for sustainable manufacturing using water telemetry in agri-food industry.(MDPI, 2021) Fernández-Arévalo, T.(Tamara); Viles-Díez, E. (Elisabeth); Muñoz-Villamizar, A. (Andres); Santos-García, J. (Javier); Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma)Water has become a critical resource due to increased manufacturing activities. However, there is a lack of detailed information on water management and consumption by industries. In the recent bibliography, lean–green was established as a good approach for achieving sustainability in manufacturing industries, but few studies have aimed to achieve both operational and environmental improvements in water consumption. In this paper, we present a multi-case study in the agri-food industry in which water consumption in company activities is monitored, allowing them to improve their industrial processes based on lean–green practices, leading to a zero-waste strategy for this critical resource. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of having detailed knowledge regarding water consumption in order to discover, in a lean–green context, new improvement opportunities which could remain hidden by the current way of analysing consumption.
- Validation of a multi-phase plant-wide model for the description of the aeration process in a WWTP.(Elsevier, 2018) Fernández-Arévalo, T.(Tamara); Beltran-Calaff, S. (Segio); Ayesa-Iturrate, E. (Eduardo); Lizarralde-Aguirrezabal, I. (Izaro); Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma)This paper introduces a new mathematical model built under the PC-PWM methodology to describe the aeration process in a full-scale WWTP. This methodology enables a systematic and rigorous incorporation of chemical and physico-chemical transformations into biochemical process models, particularly for the description of liquid-gas transfer to describe the aeration process. The mathematical model constructed is able to reproduce biological COD and nitrogen removal, liquid-gas transfer and chemical reactions. The capability of the model to describe the liquid-gas mass transfer has been tested by comparing simulated and experimental results in a full-scale WWTP. Finally, an exploration by simulation has been undertaken to show the potential of the mathematical model.
- A new general methodology for incorporating physico-chemical transformations into multi-phase wastewater treatment process models(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD., 2015-05) Brouckaert, C. (Chris); Fernández-Arévalo, T.(Tamara); Ekama, G.A. (George A.); Vanrolleghem, P. A. (Peter A.); Ayesa-Iturrate, E. (Eduardo); Lizarralde-Aguirrezabal, I. (Izaro); Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma); Ikumi, D.S. (David S.)This paper introduces a new general methodology for incorporating physico-chemical and chemical transformations into multi-phase wastewater treatment process models in a systematic and rigorous way under a Plant-Wide modelling (PWM) framework. The methodology presented in this paper requires the selection of the relevant biochemical, chemical and physico-chemical transformations taking place and the definition of the mass transport for the co-existing phases. As an example a mathematical model has been constructed to describe a system for biological COD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, liquid gas transfer, precipitation processes, and chemical reactions. The capability of the model has been tested by comparing simulated and experimental results for a nutrient removal system with sludge digestion. Finally, a scenario analysis has been undertaken to show the potential of the obtained mathematical model to study phosphorus recovery.
- Nueva Metodología de Modelado Matemático Integral de las EDAR(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Navarra., 2011) Grau-Gumbau, P. (Paloma); Ayesa-Iturrate, E. (Eduardo)Tras una revisión del potencial y las limitaciones de los principales modelos matemáticos existentes para describir de manera conjunta los procesos unitarios de las Estaciones Depuradoras de Aguas Residuales (EDAR), la presente tesis desarrolla una nueva metodología de modelado. Esta metodología permite la construcción sistemática y rigurosa de modelos integrales de planta capaces de reproducir las mutuas interrelaciones entre los diferentes elementos de las líneas de aguas y fangos, garantizando en todo momento la continuidad de masa elemental y carga. La nueva metodología desarrollada, denominada metodología PWM (Plant Wide Modelling) está basada en la utilización de una lista genérica de transformaciones de las que se eligen las más adecuadas para los procesos que tienen lugar en cada EDAR objeto de estudio. La definición de los componentes en sus fracciones másicas elementales permite garantizar la continuidad de masa y carga en cada transformación y a lo largo de toda la planta. La definición de los componentes en base a sus fracciones másicas ha sido utilizada para el desarrollo de un algoritmo para la caracterización automática del influente. Este algoritmo ha sido empleado con éxito en la caracterización del agua residual influente de la EDAR de Galindo (Bilbao). La metodología PWM propuesta ha sido utilizada para la construcción de un modelo integral para un caso de estudio estándar (BSM2). El modelo obtenido ha sido verificado en diferentes escenarios de simulación. Posteriormente se ha llevado a cabo un análisis comparativo entre la utilización del modelo de EDAR obtenido frente a otras propuestas de modelado integral existentes en la bibliografía. Se ha construido en modelo integral para la EDAR Galindo-Bilbao de acuerdo con la metodología PWM. El modelo obtenido ha sido utilizado en la validación de una estrategia de control automático en la línea de aguas de la EDAR. Posteriormente se ha llevado a cabo una exploración de la operación de la EDAR en escenarios hipotéticos que consideran de forma conjunta líneas de aguas y fangos. La exposición finaliza con el capítulo dedicado a las conclusiones del estudio realizado, la bibliografía utilizada y una serie de anexos que proporcionan información adicional a la incluida en la memoria.