Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen)
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- Involvement of berry hormonal content in the response to pre- and post-veraison water deficit in different grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars(2014) Niculcea, M. (Maria); Sanchez-Diaz, M. (Manuel); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen); López-Guzmán, J. (José)Background and Aims The application of deficit irrigation to grapevines modifies the hormonal status of berries, but little information about the influence of berry hormones on phenological sensitivity to water deficit is available. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the involvement of berry hormonal status in fruit composition in response to regulated deficit irrigation applied during different phenological stages in two grapevine cultivars. Methods and Results The study was carried out on fruiting cuttings of two cultivars of Vitis vinifera L., Tempranillo and Graciano. Treatments were: (i) early water deficit from fruitset to onset of veraison (early deficit); (ii) late water deficit from onset of veraison to harvest (late deficit); and (iii) plants regularly irrigated (Control). Both early water deficit and late water-deficit strategies modified evolution of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, which was related to changes in berry size, increases in phenolic substances and accumulation of amines. Conclusions Differential sensitivity of Tempranillo and Graciano grapevines to seasonal water stress was mediated, at least in part, by alterations in hormonal status of berries at the time of water stress imposition. Significance of Study This study relates interspecific differences in the sensitivity of seasonal water-deficit irrigation to changes in the endogenous hormonal status of berries.
- Mycorrhizal symbiosis improve fruit quality in Tempranillo grapevine sensitive to low-moderate warming(2023) Torres, N. (Nazareth); Garmendia, I. (Idoia); Goicoechea, N. (Nieves); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen); Hilbert, G. (Ghislaine)An adequate clonal selection could help the adaptation of Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo to warming. Moreover, the resilience of Tempranillo to elevated air temperatures increases when associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Our objective was to assess if mycorrhizal association can counteract the deleterious effect of elevated temperatures on plant performance and fruit quality in clones (CL) highly sensitive to warming. Fruit bearing cuttings of Tempranillo CL-843 were cultivated under greenhouse conditions. Assay included plants inoculated (+M) or not (-M) with AMF and grown at either 24/14◦C or 28/18◦C day/night air temperatures. Elevated temperatures shortened the period between fruit set and veraison in both –M and +M plants and also the period between veraison and maturity in +M plants. Photosynthetic rates were higher under warm temperatures irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculation, but sugars and proteins in leaves decreased in -M plants under these environmental conditions. Warming induced the accumulation of Ca, P, Cu and Mn in leaves of all plants and those of Mg and Zn in a greater extent in +M plants. Only in +M plants mature berries maintained the balance of sugars to organic acids and increased the Arg-to Pro-ratio under elevated temperatures. The association of Tempranillo with AMF may result in a more adequate source of N for yeasts during the must fermentation process and could mitigate the increased pH and ethanol levels found in the wines elaborated with grapes developed under low-moderate warming. However, extrapolating these findings to fields in the Mediterranean region or areas subjected to intense warming and frequent heatwaves deserves further study
- XIII Simposio Hispano-Portugués de Relaciones Hídricas en las Plantas(2016) Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen)The effect of water stress on grape berry ripening and quality has been extensively investigated during the last decades (Chaves et al., 2010; Lovisolo et al., 2010; Kuhn et al., 2013, Zarrouk et al., 2016). Overall, berry quality benefits from mild to moderate water deficit and the conventional wisdom says that the observed positive effects of water deficits are due to low yield and small berries. But more recently water deficit was shown to profoundly alter berry secondary metabolism, particularly of flavonoids, thus greatly regulating the ripening process. The regulation of genes and proteins of the various metabolic pathways is either the consequence of a direct effect of water shortage and/or indirect via the changing of the light environment around grape clusters due to the impairment of vine vegetative growth. The matter is far from being conclusively addressed and two major causes can be highlighted: the experimental set-ups adopted in the majority of experiments, namely the water stress timing and conditions (pre- or post-véraison water stress); and the diversity of varieties (Zarrouk et al., 2016). Grape berries are non-climacteric fruits wherein abscisic acid (ABA) is central to the ripening process. The differential increase of anthocyanin compounds in berries under pre- or post-véraison deficit irrigation is primarily attributed to large differences in abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity displayed by different varieties as a consequence of large differences in the ability to regulate water losses through chemical (i.e. ABA) signaling. Grape berries thus represent a unique situation in which abiotic stress and developmental signaling intersect via the activities of ABA. In addition, climate condition, namely high temperature along the growing season is considered a putative constraint to the implementation and success of the deficit irrigation regime. Also the interaction elevated temperature – water deficit is considered as the main cause of complexity of field experiments results namely in what concerns the ripening of wine grapes. During the last ten years, our investigation aimed to comprehend the impact of water stress and heat stress on grape berry ripening, skin secondary metabolism as well as cuticle properties. We have investigated ABA-mediated cross talk between abiotic stress and ripening as it relates to flavonoid biosynthesis in the grape berry skin. We show that the mild XIII Simposio Hispano-Portugués de Relaciones Hídricas en las Plantas: Pamplona 18-20 Octubre 2016 7 stress imposed by deficit irrigation have a positive impact on berry composition only when high temperature is not a limiting factor. We also show that the biological function of ABA is under berry developmental control and does not correlate with vine water status or berry temperature until a certain water stress threshold. It also appears that ABA catabolism/conjugation processes are implicated in the ripening process and in water and heat stresses responses. In addition, our most recent results in cuticle indicate that water and heat stresses increase berry wax accumulation across berry development, affecting cuticle morphology, composition and transpiration. The recent data related to metabolic changes and hormonal control of grape berry ripening as well as berry cuticle properties under deficit irrigation will be discussed and limitations in the interpretation of results will be identified.
- Dissimilar esponses of ancient grapevines recovered in Navarra (Spain) to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in terms of berry quality(2020) Izurdiaga, D. (David); Pascual-Elizalde, I. (Inmaculada); Goicoechea, N. (Nieves); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen); Urmeneta, L. (Leyre); Irigoyen, J.J. (Juan Jose)The exploitation of genetic diversity within agricultural plants, including grapevine, is suggested as a valuable tool to cope with the negative impacts of climate change on yield and crop quality. In some winegrowing regions of Europe, there is a renewed interest in knowing the grapevine genetic resources available, focusing on the prospection, recovery, and study of ancient cultivars typical of every zone. Grapevines are naturally associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which provide some benefits to the host plant, although such effects depending on many factors, including variety. Therefore, the aim of this research was to characterize the potential fruit quality of eight old grapevine varieties recovered in Navarre (northeastern of the Iberian Peninsula), associated or not with AMF. The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings grown under controlled conditions (greenhouse). Overall, AMF inoculation reduced bunch and berry mass, as well as phenolic content in fruits. In some varieties, AMF association improved some berry traits by increasing the concentrations of soluble solids and anthocyanins; in others, berry colour, total phenolic and anthocyanin content were diminished in AMF-inoculated plants. The results, therefore, suggest that intraspecific diversity of old grapevines could include different abilities to respond to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
- Relationship between photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen assimilation and nodule metabolism in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grown with sewage sludge.(Elsevier, 2010) Fiasconaro, M.L. (Maria Laura); Sanchez-Diaz, M. (Manuel); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen)Sewage sludge has been used as N fertilizer because it contains some of inorganic N, principally as nitrate and ammonium ions. However, sewage sludge addition to legumes could result in impaired nodule metabolism due to the presence of inorganic N from sludge. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effects of sewage sludge on growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation and nodule metabolism in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aragón). Plants were grown in pots with a mixture of perlite and vermiculite (2:1, v/v). The experiment included three treatments: (1) plants inoculated with rhizobia and amended with sewage sludge at rate of 10% (w/w) (RS); (2) plants inoculated with rhizobia without any amendment (R); and (3) non-inoculated plants fed with ammonium nitrate (N). N(2)-fixing plants had lower growth and sucrose phosphate synthase activity but higher photosynthesis than nitrate-fed plants because they compensated the carbon cost of the rhizobia. However, sewage sludge-treated plants evidenced a loss of carbon sink strength due to N(2) fixation by means of decreased photosynthetic capacity, leaf chlorophylls and N concentration in comparison to untreated plants. Sewage sludge did no affect nodulation but decreased nodule enzyme activities involved in carbon and N metabolisms that may lead to accumulation of toxic N-compounds.
- Influence of irrigation strategy and mycorrhizal inoculation on fruit quality in different clones of Tempranillo grown under elevated temperatures(2018) Torres, N. (Nazareth); Goicoechea, N. (Nieves); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen)The projected climate scenario for South Mediterranean Europe predicts lower precipitation and higher temperatures that will negatively affect viticulture in the region. The application of moderate deficit irrigation at crucial moments of berry ripening has been found to improve berry quality. Furthermore, grapevine association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may improve grapevine’s ability to cope with abiotic stresses. Therefore, the aims of this research were: (1) to characterize the response of three clones of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo to the combination of different water deficit programs and AMF inoculation under elevated temperatures, and (2) to determine whether AMF inoculation can improve berry antioxidant properties under these conditions. The study was carried out on three fruit-bearing cuttings clones of cv. Tempranillo (CL-260, CL-1089 and CL-843) inoculated (+M) or not (−M) with AMF and subjected to two temperature regimes (24/14 ◦C and 28/18 ◦C (day/night)) combined with three irrigation regimes during berry ripening. Irrigation treatments were: (i) water deficit from fruit set to veraison (early deficit, ED); (ii) water deficit from veraison to maturity (late deficit, LD); and (iii) full irrigation (FI). Although each Tempranillo clone seemed to have different abilities to respond to elevated temperatures and water supply, in general, at 24/14 ◦C the LD treatment performed better than ED. Differences among clones were attenuated at 28/18 ◦C. In addition, potential benefits of the LD treatment were improved by AMF inoculation. Thus, in all clones the loss of anthocyanins at 28/18 ◦C detected in −M plants after applying LD did not occur in the +M plants. Moreover, AMF inoculation increased must antioxidant capacity in CL-843 under these environmental conditions. Our results suggest that the implementation of measures to promote the association of grapevines with appropriate AMF for each variety could contribute to optimize effects of irrigation strategy on berry properties under future warming conditions.
- Effects of nitrogen source and water availability on stem carbohydrates and cellulosic bioethanol traits of alfalfa plants(Elsevier, 2012-05) Muñoz, F. (Fernando); Gogorcena, Y. (Yolanda); Fiasconaro, M.L. (Maria Laura); Andueza, D. (Donato); Sanchez-Diaz, M. (Manuel); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen)Symbiotic association of legumes with rhizobia frequently results in higher photosynthesis and soluble carbohydrates in comparison with nitrate-fed plants, which might improve its potential for biomass conversion into bioethanol. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen source and water availability on stem characteristics and on relationships between carbohydrates, phenolic metabolism activity and cell wall composition in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aragón). The experiment included three treatments: (1) plants fed with ammonium nitrate (AN); (2) plants inoculated with rhizobia (R); and (3) plants inoculated with rhizobia and amended with sewage sludge (RS). Two levels of irrigation were imposed: (1) well-watered and (2) drought stress. Under well-watered conditions, nitrogen-fixing plants have increased photosynthesis and stem fermentable carbohydrate concentrations, which result in higher potential for biomass conversion to bioethanol than in AN plants. The latter had higher lignin due to enhanced activities of phenolic metabolism-related enzymes. Under drought conditions, the potential for bioethanol conversion decreased to a similar level in all treatments. Drought-stressed nitrogen-fixing plants have high concentrations of fermentable carbohydrates and cell wall cellulose, but ammonium nitrate-fed plants produced higher plant and stem biomass, which might compensate the decreasing stem carbohydrates and cellulose concentrations
- Mycorrhizal symbiosis affects ABA metabolism during berry ripening in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo grown under climate change scenarios(Elsevier, 2019-06) Torres, N. (Nazareth); Zamarreño, A.M. (Angel Maria); Goicoechea, N. (Nieves); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen)Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a promising tool for improving the quality of grapes under changing environments. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine if the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance phenolic content (specifically, anthocyanins) in a climate change framework could be mediated by alterations in berry ABA metabolism during ripening. The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings of cv. Tempranillo (CL-1048 and CL-1089) inoculated (+M) or not (-M) with AMF. Two experimental designs were implemented. In the first experiment +M and -M plants were subjected to two temperatures (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C (day/night)) from fruit set to berry maturity. In the second experiment, +M and -M plants were subjected to two temperatures (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C (day/night)) combined with two irrigation regimes (late water deficit (LD) and full irrigation (FI)). At 28/18 °C AMF contributed to an increase in berry anthocyanins and modulated ABA metabolism, leading to higher ABA-GE and 7'OH-ABA and lower phaseic acid (PA) in berries compared to -M plants. Under the most stressful scenario (LD and 28/18 °C), at harvest +M plants exhibited higher berry anthocyanins and 7´OH-ABA and lower PA and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) levels than -M plants. These findings highlight the involvement of ABA metabolism into the ability of AMF to improve some traits involved in the quality of grapes under global warming scenarios.
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis as a promising resource for Improving berry quality in grapevines under changing environments(2018) Torres, N. (Nazareth); Goicoechea, N. (Nieves); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen)Climate change and their resulting impacts are becoming a concern for winegrowers due to the high socioeconomic relevance of the winemaking sector worldwide. In fact, the projected climate change is expected to have detrimental impacts on the yield of grapevines, as well as on the quality and properties of grapes and wine. It is well known that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve the nutritional quality of edible parts of crops and play essential roles in the maintenance of host plant fitness under stressed environments, including grapevines. The future scenarios of climate change may also modify the diversity and the growth of AMF in soils as well as the functionality of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on the effects of climate change on grapevine metabolism, paying special attention to the secondary compounds involved in the organoleptic properties of grapes and wines and to the levels of the phytohormones implied in the control of berry development and fruit ripening. In this context, the potential role of AMF for maintaining fruit quality in future climate change scenarios is discussed.
- Increased nutritional value in food crops(2017) Goicoechea, N. (Nieves); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen)Modern agriculture and horticulture must combine two objectives that seem to be almost mutually exclusive: to satisfy the nutritional needs of an increasing human population and to minimize the negative impact on the environment. These two objectives are included in the Goal 2 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture'. Enhancing the nutritional levels of vegetables would improve nutrient intake without requiring an increase in consumption. In this context, the use of beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms for improving, not only growth and yield, but also the nutrient quality of crops represents a promising tool that may respond to the challenges for modern agriculture and horticulture and represents an alternative to the genetic engineering of crops. This paper summarizes the state of the art, the current difficulties associated to the use of rhizospheric microorganisms as enhancers of the nutritional quality of food crops as well as the future prospects.