Rolfe, B.E. (Barbara E.)

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    The role of complement in tumors
    (Frontiers, 2020) Markiewski, M.M. (Maciej M.); Pio, R. (Rubén); Woodruff, T.M. (Trent M.); Rolfe, B.E. (Barbara E.); Manthey, H.D. (Helga D.)
    Activation of the complement system is one of the earliest responses to invading pathogens and tissue damage (1). Complement activation leads to production of a range of effectors including the opsonin C3b, the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and the C5b-9 complex (membrane attack complex; MAC) (2, 3). In addition to potent innate immune activities, complement effector systems also contribute to efficient adaptive immune responses (4). While critical to proper immune function, inappropriate or excessive complement activation contributes to many pathological inflammatory conditions (5), including cancer. As described in this issue, the complement system is increasingly recognized as a double-edged sword: on the one hand contributing to the anti-tumor response, but on the other protecting the tumor against immune attack and promoting metastasis.