In recent years, the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation options has become increasingly evident. There is an obvious fossil fuel dependency in the automotive industry, and with an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need for an alternative. Because of all of the mentioned, hydrogen has emerged as a candidate for powering mobility systems. It is an abundant resource, with a high energy density that can have a zero- emission potential if used correctly. The use of hydrogen as fuel represents several challenges: the production, storage and transportation infrastructure, as well as the lack of widespread availability for refueling stations, which complicates the implementation. However, the aim of this thesis is to conduct a comparative analysis of two hydrogen-based mobility systems: fuel cells and internal combustion engines. For this, all of the previous challenges presented will not be considered, as the main focus is to determine which of these two technologies would be more efficient to obtain an optimal use of hydrogen. One of the main considerations in this transition is the cost-effectiveness and feasibility in adopting either of the technologies. While fuel cell technology has made significant advances, it still needs infrastructure development and a reduction of production costs. On the other hand, modified internal combustion engines offer a readier to implement alternatives, which could be more affordable but could imply a smaller emissions reduction and energy efficiency. Besides cost considerations, environmental benefits are to be considered, as well as energy efficiency. By conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis, this thesis aims to provide insights into the viability and trade-offs between using the two technologies in the context of hydrogen-based mobility systems. It will also focus on heavy-duty trucks and transportation sector and potential benefits and market for these systems.