DSpace Collection:https://hdl.handle.net/10171/194302024-03-28T20:35:44Z2024-03-28T20:35:44ZMaresin 1 activates brown adipose tissue and promotes browning of white adipose tissue in micehttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/683212024-02-07T13:55:33Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Maresin 1 activates brown adipose tissue and promotes browning of white adipose tissue in mice
Abstract: Objective: Maresin 1 (MaR1) is a docosahexaenoic acid-derived proresolving lipid mediator with insulin-sensitizing and anti-steatosis properties.
Here, we aim to unravel MaR1 actions on brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning.
Methods: MaR1 actions were tested in cultured murine brown adipocytes and in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC)-derived adipocytes.
In vivo effects of MaR1 were tested in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and lean WT and Il6 knockout (Il6 / ) mice.
Results: In cultured differentiated murine brown adipocytes, MaR1 reduces the expression of inflammatory genes, while stimulates glucose
uptake, fatty acid utilization and oxygen consumption rate, along with the upregulation of mitochondrial mass and genes involved in mitochondrial
biogenesis and function and the thermogenic program. In Leucine Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 6 (LGR6)-depleted brown
adipocytes using siRNA, the stimulatory effect of MaR1 on thermogenic genes was abrogated. In DIO mice, MaR1 promotes BAT remodeling,
characterized by higher expression of genes encoding for master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function and iBAT thermogenic
activation, together with increased M2 macrophage markers. In addition, MaR1-treated DIO mice exhibit a better response to cold-induced BAT
activation. Moreover, MaR1 induces a beige adipocyte signature in inguinal WAT of DIO mice and in hMSC-derived adipocytes. MaR1 potentiates
Il6 expression in brown adipocytes and BAT of cold exposed lean WT mice. Interestingly, the thermogenic properties of MaR1 were abrogated in
Il6 / mice.
Conclusions: These data reveal MaR1 as a novel agent that promotes BAT activation and WAT browning by regulating thermogenic program in
adipocytes and M2 polarization of macrophages. Moreover, our data suggest that LGR6 receptor is mediating MaR1 actions on brown adipocytes,
and that IL-6 is required for the thermogenic effects of MaR1.2023-01-01T00:00:00ZLow cost gaze estimation: knowledge-based solutionshttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/644342022-10-18T01:05:25Z2019-10-21T00:00:00ZTitle: Low cost gaze estimation: knowledge-based solutions
Abstract: Eye tracking technology in low resolution scenarios is not a completely solved issue to date. The possibility of using eye tracking in a mobile gadget is a challenging objective that would permit to spread this technology to non-explored fields. In this paper, a knowledge based approach is presented to solve gaze estimation in low resolution settings. The understanding of the high resolution paradigm permits to propose alternative models to solve gaze estimation. In this manner, three models are presented: a geometrical model, an interpolation model and a compound model, as solutions for gaze estimation for remote low resolution systems. Since this work considers head position essential to improve gaze accuracy, a method for head pose estimation is also proposed. The methods are validated in an optimal framework, I2Head database, which combines head and gaze data. The experimental validation of the models demonstrates their sensitivity to image processing inaccuracies, critical in the case of the geometrical model. Static and extreme movement scenarios are analyzed showing the higher robustness of compound and geometrical models in the presence of user's displacement. Accuracy values of about 3° have been obtained, increasing to values close to 5° in extreme displacement settings, results fully comparable with the state-of-the-art.2019-10-21T00:00:00ZAssessment of metabolic patterns and new antitumoral treatment in osteosarcoma xenograft models by [18F]FDG and sodium [18F]fluoride PEThttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/560112022-05-31T08:13:05Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Assessment of metabolic patterns and new antitumoral treatment in osteosarcoma xenograft models by [18F]FDG and sodium [18F]fluoride PET
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults that produces aberrant osteoid. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of 2-deoxy-2-[18F-] fluoro-D-glucose ([18F] FDG) and sodium [18F] Fluoride (Na [18F] F) PET scans in orthotopic murine models of osteosarcoma to describe the metabolic pattern of the tumors, to detect and diagnose tumors and to evaluate the efficacy of a new treatment based in oncolytic adenoviruses.
METHODS: Orthotopic osteosarcoma murine models were created by the injection of 143B and 531MII cell lines. [18F]FDG and Na [18F] F PET scans were performed 30 days (143B) and 90 days (531MII) post-injection. The antitumor effect of two doses (107 and 108 pfu) of the oncolytic adenovirus VCN-01 was evaluated in 531 MII model by [18F] FDG PET studies. [18F] FDG uptake was quantified by SUVmax and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) indexes. For Na [18F] F, the ratio tumor SUVmax/hip SUVmax was calculated. PET findings were confirmed by histopathological techniques.
RESULTS: The metabolic pattern of tumors was different between both orthotopic models. All tumors showed [18F] FDG uptake, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The [18F] FDG uptake was significantly higher for the 143B model (p < 0.001). Sensitivity for Na [18F] F was around 70% in both models, with a specificity of 100%. 531MII tumors showed a heterogeneous Na [18F] F uptake, significantly higher than 143B tumors (p < 0.01).2018-01-01T00:00:00ZInstabilities of conducting fluid layers in weak time-dependent magnetic fieldshttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/437512024-03-06T16:34:45Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Instabilities of conducting fluid layers in weak time-dependent magnetic fields
Abstract: We present the experimental analysis of the instabilities generated on a large drop of liquid metal by a time-dependent magnetic field. The study is done exploring the range of tiny values of the control parameter (the ratio between the Lorentz forces and inertia) avoiding nonlinear effects. Two different instabilities break the symmetries generating spatial patterns that appear without a threshold for some specific frequencies (up to the experimental precision) and have been observed for parameter values two orders of magnitude lower than in previously published experiments [J. Fluid Mech. 239, 383 (1992)]. One of the instabilities corresponds to a boundary condition oscillation that generates surface waves and breaks the azimuthal symmetry. The other corresponds to a parametric forcing through a modulation of the Lorentz force. The competition between these two mechanisms produces time-dependent patterns near codimension-2 points.2017-01-01T00:00:00Z