DSpace Collection:https://hdl.handle.net/10171/567952024-03-29T09:40:38Z2024-03-29T09:40:38ZBunch transpiration is involved in the hastening of grape berry ripening under elevated temperature and low relative humidity conditionshttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/692822024-03-26T09:30:21Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Bunch transpiration is involved in the hastening of grape berry ripening under elevated temperature and low relative humidity conditions
Abstract: The present study aimed: i) to evaluate the impact of the changes in temperature and relative humidity (RH), projected by the year 2100, on grape ripening, and ii) to assess if bunch transpiration is a key physiological process involved in the advancement in grape development under future climate conditions. Fruit-bearing cuttings of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Tempranillo’ were grown, from fruit set to maturity, in glasshouses under two conditions: 24°C/14°C and 55%/70% RH (day/night) (T) vs 28°C/18°C and 43%/58% RH (T+4). To elucidate the role of bunch transpiration in grape development in a future climate scenario, the bunches of half of the plants in the T+4 glasshouse were sprayed with an antitranspirant (AT+4). T+4 increased bunch transpiration, hastened the ripening process, increasing the rate of total soluble solid (TSS) accumulation and malic acid degradation, and reduced the concentration of total anthocyanins. The application of antitranspirant partially alleviated the effects of combined high temperature and low RH on maturation times, through lower TSS accumulation rates. Berries in AT+4 had the lowest concentrations of anthocyanins and color, likely related to a reduction in light transmittance by the antitranspirant film and to higher anthocyanin degradation due to the longer exposure to elevated temperatures. The results show a negative impact of elevated temperature and low RH on grape composition. The increased bunch transpiration under these conditions played an important role in the changes observed in phenology and sugar accumulation.2024-01-01T00:00:00ZCFD modelling of air quality in Pamplona City (Spain): Assessment, stations spatial representativeness and health impacts valuationhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/689572024-02-12T06:08:40Z2019-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: CFD modelling of air quality in Pamplona City (Spain): Assessment, stations spatial representativeness and health impacts valuation
Abstract: A methodology based on CFD-RANS simulations (WA CFD-RANS, Weighted Averaged Computational Fluid
Dynamic-Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations) which includes appropriate modifications, has been
applied to compute the annual, seasonal, and hourly average concentration of NO 2 and NO X throughout the
city of Pamplona (Spain) at pedestrian level during 2016. The results have been evaluated using measurements
provided both by the city's network of air quality monitoring stations and by a network of mobile microsensors
carried around by cyclists during their daily commutes, obtaining a maximum relative error lower than 30%
when computing NO2 annual average concentrations.
The model has taken into account the actual city layout in three dimensions, as well as the traffic emissions. The
resulting air pollution maps provided information critical for studying the traffic-related health effects of NO2 and
their associated external costs in the city of Pamplona and the spatial representativeness of the current network
of air quality monitoring stations (it has not been carried out for an entire city to date). The developed method-
ology can be applied to similar cities, providing useful information for the decision-makers.2019-01-01T00:00:00ZMountains as barriers to gene flow in amphibians: Quantifying the differential effect of a major mountain ridge on the genetic structure of four sympatric species with different life history traitshttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/689542024-02-12T06:08:39Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Mountains as barriers to gene flow in amphibians: Quantifying the differential effect of a major mountain ridge on the genetic structure of four sympatric species with different life history traits
Abstract: [Aim]: To test the role of mountains as barriers to gene flow in co-distributed taxa with different life history traits. [Location]: Sierra de Guadarrama, Central Spain. [Methods]: We used larval genotypes of four amphibian species (Epidalea calamita, Hyla molleri, Pelophylax perezi and Pelobates cultripes) sampled on northern and southern slopes of Sierra de Guadarrama to describe genetic structure with F, migration rates per generation, clustering algorithms and resistance by elevation surfaces. We also recorded individual displacement events as a proxy of dispersal potential during a seven-year monitoring project based on capture–mark–recapture (CMR). [Results]: All species travelled longer cumulative distances than those reported in the study area for P. cultripes (0.71 km). Individuals of E. calamita travelled up to 3.55 km, followed by H. molleri (2.84 km) and P. perezi (1.51 km). Pairwise F estimates showed lower overall connectivity in P. cultripes. Average migration rates per generation were low in all species, with exceptions in same-slope populations of H. molleri and P. cultripes. Clustering algorithms consistently recovered well-differentiated population groups of P. cultripes in northern versus southern slopes, but widely admixed areas were observed in the other species, especially near mountain passes. Resistance by elevation surfaces showed a strong barrier effect of Sierra de Guadarrama in P. cultripes and suggested a potential role of topography in the genetic structure of E. calamita and H. molleri. [Main conclusions]: Sierra de Guadarrama currently acts as a strong barrier to gene flow for P. cultripes and, to a lesser extent, for E. calamita, H. molleri and P. perezi. This differential effect can be partly explained by differences in life history traits, including dispersal potential. Our findings support the general role of the Central System as a key feature shaping population connectivity and genetic variation in amphibian communities.2018-01-01T00:00:00ZLong-term monitoring on a new channelized stream section: changes in mesohabitat, composition, and size structure of fish assemblageshttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/688752024-02-12T06:06:17Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Long-term monitoring on a new channelized stream section: changes in mesohabitat, composition, and size structure of fish assemblages
Abstract: The construction of riverine structures (weirs, bridges, or channelization) on riverbeds causes alterations in the flow regime and channel geometry. Once a new stretch is created, species must colonize it. The ecological succession processes that are entailed are decisive for adequate recovery after alterations, and understanding these processes would enable elaborate efficient restoration actions. We analyzed environmental variables and the colonization and succession patterns of fish assemblages in a new channelized stretch of a river from its construction to the present (from 1996 to 2020) in the northern Iberian Peninsula. During the studied period, habitat diversity increased, and mesohabitat became more complex. Depths, depth diversity, and the number of pools in the new channel increased with time. Water temperature decreased because of the new shade provided by riparian forests. The size-related variables of the fish community (size diversity, mean, and maximum length) increased in the new section, achieving similar values to those in the control section. The slopes of the fish size spectra showed a slow evolution over 25 years from a fish assemblage dominated by small fish to a more size-diversity fish community. Our results suggest that habitat complexity shape fish assemblage and structure. Moreover, size-related variables can be effective ecological indicators of fish colonization and succession processes. Finally, small-scale restoration measures in the riverbed and riparian forest are expected to increase the effectiveness of future restoration projects in rivers.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z