Dotor, J. (Javier)Berraondo, P. (Pedro)Gomar, C. (Celia)Diaz-Valdes, N. (Nancy)Frank, K. (Kathrin)Umansky, V. (Viktor)Aranda, F. (Fernando)Ardaiz, N. (Nuria)Prieto, J. (Jesús)Medina-Echeverz, J. (José)Fioravanti, J. (Jessica)2014-09-042014-09-042014-05Medina-Echeverz J, Fioravanti J, Díaz-Valdés N, Frank K, Aranda F, Gomar C, et al. Harnessing high density lipoproteins to block transforming growth factor beta and to inhibit the growth of liver tumor metastases. PLoS One. 2014 May 5;9(5):e96799.1932-6203https://hdl.handle.net/10171/36486Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a powerful promoter of cancer progression and a key target for antitumor therapy. As cancer cells exhibit active cholesterol metabolism, high density lipoproteins (HDLs) appear as an attractive delivery system for anticancer TGFβ-inhibitory molecules. We constructed a plasmid encoding a potent TGF-β-blocking peptide (P144) linked to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) through a flexible linker (pApoLinkerP144). The ApoLinkerP144 sequence was then incorporated into a hepatotropic adeno-associated vector (AAVApoLinkerP144). The aim was to induce hepatocytes to produce HDLs containing a modified ApoA-I capable of blocking TGF-β. We observed that transduction of the murine liver with pApoLinkerP144 led to the appearance of a fraction of circulating HDL containing the fusion protein. These HDLs were able to attenuate TGF-β signaling in the liver and to enhance IL-12 -mediated IFN-γ production. Treatment of liver metastasis of MC38 colorectal cancer with AAVApoLinkerP144 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth and enhanced expression of IFN-γ and GM-CSF in cancerous tissue. ApoLinkerP144 also delayed MC38 liver metastasis in Rag2-/-IL2rγ-/- immunodeficient mice. This effect was associated with downregulation of TGF-β target genes essential for metastatic niche conditioning. Finally, in a subset of ret transgenic mice, a model of aggressive spontaneous metastatic melanoma, AAVApoLinkerP144 delayed tumor growth in association with increased CD8+ T cell numbers in regional lymph nodes. In conclusion, modification of HDLs to transport TGF-β-blocking molecules is a novel and promising approach to inhibit the growth of liver metastases by immunological and non-immunological mechanisms.enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessTransforming growth factor betaLiver tumorMetastasesAntitumor therapyHigh density lipoproteins (HDLs)Hepatologíainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096799