Artículos de revista (Fac. de Filosofía y Letras)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/70318
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- ‘I can’ vs. ‘I want’: what’s missing from Gallagher’s picture of non-reductive cognitive science(Taylor and Francis, 2018) Barrett, N.F. (Nathaniel F.); García-Valdecasas, M. (Miguel); Sánchez-Cañizares, J. (Javier)We support the development of non-reductive cognitive science and the naturalization of phenomenology for this purpose, and we agree that the ‘relational turn’ defended by Gallagher is a necessary step in this direction. However, we believe that certain aspects of his relational concept of nature need clarification. In particular, Gallagher does not say whether or how teleology, affect, and other value-related properties of life and mind can be naturalized within this framework. In this paper, we argue that (1) given the phenomenological standards recognized by Gallagher, his commitment to a naturalized phenomenology should entail a commitment to a naturalized concept of value; and (2) the kind of ‘relational nature’ described by Gallagher in his paper is insufficient for this purpose
- A reflection on the essence of gratitude in palliative care: healing in severe disease and professional affirmation through accompanying patients until the end(Sage, 2023) Aparicio, M. (María); Julián, V. (Victoria) de; Riojas, M. (Mariana); Centeno, C. (Carlos); Arantzamendi-Solabarrieta, M. (María); Crespo, M. (Mariano); Sánchez-Migallón, S. (Sergio)Background: Gratitude has sparked interest in the world of health. It is considered as a personality characteristic or as an emotion. However, little has been explored in the context of the interpersonal relationship of caring. An exploration in the context of end of life is ground-breaking. Objectives: This study analyses and reflects on the object of gratitude from the perspective of both the persons being cared for and the professionals providing health care. What are patients and their family members grateful for in palliative care? What is the reason for gratitude? What do these health professionals perceive when there is gratitude? These questions were answered considering the gratitude generated in health care encounters, not gratitude as personality trait. Methods: The phenomenological approach was used starting from lived clinical experiences. In the light of the dialogue between clinical experiences and philosophy, this study proposes an explanation of the 'real' or essential object of gratitude in palliative care. It was conducted within the context of palliative care. The study materials were manifestations of gratitude expressed or felt in clinical encounters and published in newspapers or shared in daily encounters. These were the basis for analysis and reflection and interdisciplinary dialogue. Findings: The analyses performed indicated healing or deep relief in serious diseases as objects of gratitude according to patients' perspective, and professional self-affirmation until the end according to the professionals' perspective. Conclusion: The two perspectives shared an important common fact, namely, the need to consider the persons in their entirety, and the importance of not losing sight of the value they have. This concept would characterize the nature of gratitude, its object being the 'objective good' for patients, family members, and palliative care professionals.
- The idea of merit: delineation and challenges(Springer, 2023) Clavero, S. (Sergio)The idea of merit is at the core of intense contemporary debate related to social justice in general and meritocracy in particular. In this paper, I aim to differentiate the notion of merit from two other notions with which it is often mistakenly identified, namely the concepts of talent and achievement. Here, I define “merit” as the value of an action that 1) is imputable to a subject‘s free conduct, 2) implies some sort of effort, and 3) is oriented towards a good. Merit so understood is a valuable phenomenon considered from various perspectives, and therefore the subject who has it deserves to be properly recognized. But, more importantly, this merit is valuable in a sense that is different from the value attached to talent and achievement. We should therefore try to recognize the three of them according to their specificity. I conclude by signaling some problems and limitations associated with the idea of merit that, on the one hand, contribute to the aforementioned confusion and, on the other hand, show that the principle of merit must not be absolutized to the detriment of other forms of value (including talent and achievement).
- 'Rompiendo barreras': un modelo afirmativo de discapacidad(2010) Baena, R. (Rosalía)Traducción comentada de "Just Crash Through It" por Rosaleen Moriarty-Simmonds. Traducido por Aina Martí y Rosalía Baena.
- Trends analysis of specialized palliative care services in 51 countries of the WHO European region in the last 14 years(SAGE Publications, 2020) Pons-Izquierdo, J.J. (Juan José); Garralda, E. (Eduardo); Centeno, C. (Carlos); Arias-Casais, N. (Natalia); Lima, L. (Liliana) de; Radbruch, L. (Lukas); López-Fidalgo, J. (Jesús); Rhee, J.Y. (John Y.)Background: Service provision is a key domain to assess national-level palliative care development. Three editions of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) Atlas of Palliative Care monitored the changes in service provision across Europe since 2005. Aim: To study European trends of specialized service provision at home care teams, hospital support teams, and inpatient palliative care services between 2005 and 2019. Design: Secondary analysis was conducted drawing from databases on the number of specialized services in 2005, 2012, and 2019. Ratios of services per 100,000 inhabitants and increase rates on number of services for three periods were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses were conducted to determine significant changes and chi-square to identify countries accounting for the variance. Income-level and sub-regional ANOVA analysis were undertaken. Setting: 51 countries. Results: Forty-two countries (82%) increased the number of specialized services between 2005 and 2019 with changes for home care teams (104% increase-rate), inpatient services (82%), and hospital support teams (48%). High-income countries showed significant increase in all types of services (p < 0.001), while low-to-middle-income countries showed significant increase only for inpatient services. Central–Eastern European countries showed significant improvement in home care teams and inpatient services, while Western countries showed significant improvement in hospital support and home care teams. Home care was the most prominent service in Western Europe. Conclusion: Specialized service provision increased throughout Europe, yet ratios per 100,000 inhabitants fell below the EAPC recommendations. Western Europe ratios’ achieved half of the suggested services, while Central–Eastern countries achieved only a fourth. High-income countries and Western European countries account for the major increase. Central–Eastern Europe and low-to-middle-income countries reported little increase on specialized service provision.
- The quest for Locke’s political theology(EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2016) Herrero, M. (Montserrat)Theological and political concepts and practices are frequently deeply related in political thought. If this statement is true in general, it is particularly accurate for the case of John Locke, to the extent that we can apply the label “political theology”— following Carl Schmitt’s approach to the topic—for evaluating his project. Elisabeth A. Pritchard’s recent book Religion in Public: Locke’s Political Theology centers on that specific “label,” which has sometimes been used, albeit not frequently, by other scholars. Speaking of a Lockean political theology means that liberalism does not represent the official end of every kind of political theology. In Pritchard’s understanding, Locke’s political theology consists of the shared conviction or consensus that individuals are the sacred property of a transcendent and benevolent creator. As a result, in his view Locke condemns every kind of political theology that compromises with hierarchical and competitive structures, providing differential access to the sacred. In this article I will defend a competing argument: In John Locke’s writings we can find a political theology of sovereignty, even though he argued using liberal political presuppositions. In the end he consecrates political power just as the previous political tradition did, even if he uses a different argumentative path for achieving legitimation. He creates the fiction that political intervention, even in sacred matters, can be eliminated from the political arena.
- Textos autobiográficos como fontes historiográficas: relendo Fernand Braudel e Anne Kriegel(Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 2014) Aurell-Cardona, J. (Jaume)Tradução: Wilton C. L. SILVA
- Religión y política: la respuesta de la filosofía de Hegel entre tensión y reconciliación(Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 2016) Herrero, M. (Montserrat)La tensión entre el poder de la comunidad política y la conciencia religiosa es una constante en el pensamiento y la acción políticos. El presente artículo toma pie en la reflexión filosófica de Hegel para dilucidar el porqué de esta tensión y la complejidad de su posible solución. ¿Cómo abordar la intrincada relación entre los diferentes momentos de manifestación del espíritu, como espíritu subjetivo, espíritu objetivo y espíritu absoluto, en la que está implicada la relación entre religión y política en la filosofía de Hegel? He elegido un lugar dentro del sistema hegeliano para realizar este abordaje: la conciencia moral. El tratamiento de esta figura del espíritu permite abordar la relación entre religión y política en el contexto del sistema hegeliano de un modo original y clarificador.
- Academia y hablantes frente al sexismo lingüístico: ideologías lingüísticas en la prensa española(2015) Llamas-Sáiz, C. (Carmen)Este trabajo analiza el modo en que la prensa española se hizo eco del debate en torno al sexismo lingüístico tras la publicación en marzo de 2012 del Informe de la RAE titulado “Sexismo lingüístico y visibilidad de la mujer”. El estudio se centra en las ideologías lingüísticas expresadas por Academia y hablantes en dos de los principales periódicos de España, El País y ABC; concretamente, se presta atención a los argumentos con que las distintas voces sustentan su opinión acerca del lenguaje sexista. Los ejes sobre los que gira el debate y se construyen discursivamente ideologías lingüísticas son, principalmente, a) el empleo del masculino genérico, b) el sentimiento de inclusión o exclusión en la lengua por parte de las mujeres y c) la consideración sexista de la lengua y de sus hablantes.
- Testing the alleged superiority of the indulgent parenting style among Spanish adolescents(2016) Osorio, A. (Alfonso); González-Cámara, M. (Marta)Background: While international studies have reported the superiority of the authoritative style (which combines parental involvement with demandingness), some studies in Spain and in other countries have found that the indulgent style (involvement without demandingness) might be just as good or even better. This study aims to discern whether the differences are cultural or methodological. Method: 306 adolescents from high schools in Madrid and Valencia (Spain) answered a questionnaire that included two parenting style instruments (SOC-30 and PSI), together with a self-esteem scale (AF5) and a question on academic performance. Results: Concordance between the two instruments assessing parenting styles was poor. When associating parenting styles (according to the SOC- 30) with outcomes (self-esteem and academic achievement), results were similar to previous studies in Spain. But if we use the PSI, results were similar to studies in Anglophone countries: the authoritative style achieved the best outcomes. Conclusions: The discrepancies found between studies carried out in Spain and in Anglophone countries do not seem to be due to differences between cultures, but to methodological differences (i.e., differences between the instruments used). If we use the same instruments that were used in Anglophone countries, the most effective parenting style is still the authoritative.