Artículos de revista (Fac. de Filosofía y Letras)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/70318
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- Participatory culture in Spain: interactions between art, architecture, and design in the 1970s(2024) Fernández-González, D. (Dailey)Abstract: At the beginning of the 1970s in Spain, after the social opening derived from the economic policies of Franco’s dictatorship in the 1950s, two public, international, and participatory events were organized: the VII International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) Congress in Ibiza, in 1971, and the Pamplona Encounters, in 1972. Both events are now important references for understanding the changes in the consideration of public participation by artists, designers, and architects in the region, motivated both by international trends and by their own particular contexts. Both the Ibiza Congress and the Pamplona Encounters encouraged the creation of ephemeral scenarios to debate issues such as the role of art in the community, the social work of the creator, the change in the conception of the public now understood as a co-author. These artistic experiments created “microenvironments” of freedom and participation in a climate of great political tension, thus anticipating the transition to democracy that would occur a few years after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975.
- A otro perro con ese hueso: modelo fraseológico para el rechazo en la historia del español(CSIC, 2024) Pérez-Salazar-Resano, C. (Carmela)En estas páginas se ofrece un estudio sociopragmático, con perspectiva histórica, de un grupo de fórmulas de rechazo en español. A través de los textos de las bases de datos de la Real Academia Española y a partir de la información que ofrecen diccionarios y repertorios publicados entre los siglos xv y xxi, se describen cuatro secuencias que se ajustan a un modelo sintáctico-semántico común. El análisis histórico descubre, en las de más recorrido, la ampliación de valores pragmáticos a través del tiempo; asimismo, permite observar en algunos contextos la relación de estas fórmulas con la (des)cortesía, e incluso su vinculación con determinados estados emocionales del hablante.
- Exploring indoor thermal comfort and its causes and consequences amid heatwaves in a Southern European city—An unsupervised learning approach(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Arriazu-Ramos, A. (Ainhoa); Monge-Barrio, A. (Aurora); López-Hernández, D. (Dolores); Gamero-Salinas, J. (Juan); González-Martinez, P. (Purificación); Sánchez-Ostiz, A. (Ana)This study investigates indoor thermal comfort during heatwaves in dwellings of the Southern European city of Pamplona, Spain. Utilizing K-means and Hierarchical clustering, it explores clustering patterns from occupants’ survey responses (n = 189) to thermal comfort-related questions (i.e. day and night thermal sensation, thermal satisfaction and thermal preference) as well as causal links (i.e. indoor temperatures, building/occupant features) and consequences (i.e. sleep quality, heat-related symptoms) of such clusterings. Both unsupervised learning techniques coherently revealed two groups: the comfortable and uncomfortable clusters. Uncomfortable occupants coherently experience more sensation to heat, greater preference for cooler temperatures, and more thermal dissatisfaction, especially during daytime hours. Dwellings of comfortable occupants experience median indoor temperatures ranging 25.7–26 ◦C; dwellings of uncomfortable occupants 27.4 ◦C, with median temperatures above 28 ◦C during 15:00–23:00 and 23:00–07:00 periods. Discomfort or overheating—coherently expressed by the thermally uncomfortable cluster—is alleviated by multiple factors related to the presence of active cooling technologies in all rooms, and use of passive and low-energy cooling measures (e,g. fans); exacerbated by heatwave conditions. As coherently expressed by the uncomfortable cluster heat worsens the sleep quality of occupants (3 to 6-fold) and increases the likelihood of occupants to experience heat-related symptoms (10–19-fold). This study is particularly important to policymakers, as it sheds light, from dwellers’ first-hand experience in a Southern Europe city, on relevant factors that should be taken in consideration to allow them to cope better with heatwaves without compromising their comfort and health.
- Organic composition or ut pictura poesis? ΖΩΙΟΝ in Aristotele’s poetics(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Galván, L. (Luis)This paper discusses Aristotle’s references to a ζῷον in his Poetics (1450b34–51a4 and 1459a20) and evaluates their implications. The usual interpretation, ‘living creature’ or ‘animal’, is one-sided, because the word ζῷον is Aristotle’s paradigm of homonymy, applying as it does to both the human being and the drawing (Cat. 1a1–6). After an examination of the two passages containing such references and their contexts, other passages by Aristotle and earlier writers (Plato, Alcidamas and Gorgias) that may shed light on the issue are analysed. The conclusion reflects on the relevance of the interpretation as ‘figure’ for the premises and purpose of the Poetics.
- Predicted vitamin D levels and risk of depression in the SUN Project: A prospective cohort study(Elsevier, 2024) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Pons-Izquierdo, J.J. (Juan José); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Silva-Sabiao, T. (Thaís) da; Cardoso-Carraro, J.C. (Julia Cristina); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena); Valer-Martínez, A. (Ana); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen)The current study aimed to investigate the association between predicted vitamin D status and depression in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project is a dynamic cohort study designed to investigate multiple aspects of health and lifestyle. Participants were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 556 items, that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants initially free of depression were classified as incident cases if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression during follow-up. Serum vitamin D levels were predicted by a previously validated equation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We included 15,175 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.9 year (11.5)] followed-up for a median of 12.7 years. Among 192,976 person-years of follow-up, we identified 753 incident cases of depression. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a 27% higher risk of depression as compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.48; p = 0.002) after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, a significant effect modification by female sex was observed with higher depression risks associated with vitamin D deficiency in women than in men (p for interaction = 0.034). In educated middle-aged Spanish adults, we observed a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of depression, that was stronger among women.
- Origins of biological teleology: how constraints represent ends(Springer Nature, 2024) Deacon, T. (Terrence); García-Valdecasas, M. (Miguel)To naturalize the concept of teleological causality in biology it is not enough to avoid assuming backward causation or positing the existence of an inscrutable teleological essence like the élan vital. We must also specify how the causality of organisms is distinct from the causality of designed artifacts like thermostats or asymmetrically oriented processes like the ubiquitous increase of entropy. Historically, the concept of teleological causality in biology has been based on an analogy to the familiar experience of purposeful action. This is experienced by us as a disposition to achieve a general type of end that is represented in advance, and which regulates the selection of efficient means to achieve it. Inspired by this analogy, to bridge the gap between biology and human agency we describe a simple molecular process called autogenesis that shows how two linked complementary self-organizing processes can give rise to higher-order relations that resemble purposeful dispositions, though expressed in terms of constraints on molecular processes. Because the autogenic model is described in sufficient detail to be empirically realizable, it provides a proof of principle demonstrating a simple form of teleological causality.
- If presentism is false, then I don’t exist. On common-sense presentism(Springer Nature, 2024) Guillon, J.B. (Jean-Baptiste)For many presentist philosophers, e.g. Zimmerman (Contemp Debates Metaphys 10:211–225, 2008), a central motivation in favour of presentism is that it is supposed to be part of common sense. But the fact that common-sense intuitions are indeed presentist is usually taken for granted (and sometimes also conceded by eternalists). As has been shown in other domains of philosophy (e.g. free will), we should be careful when attributing some supposed intuitions to common sense, and Torrengo (Phenomenology and Mind 12: 50–55, 2017) and Le Bihan (Igitur-Arguments Philos 9(1):1–23, 2018) have legitimately raised doubts about the assumption that common sense is presentist. In this paper, I take up this challenge and try to show that our common-sense intuitions do imply presentism. More precisely, the intuitions that I take to imply presentism are fundamental intuitions about our selves as conscious beings. The upshot is that presentism is so much embedded within our conception of our selves that if presentism is false, then I don’t exist!
- The Fundamental Argument without any garbage(Metaphilosophy LLC and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2024) Milburn, J. (Joe)Rik Peels's (2017) Fundamental Argument is an important argument against epistemic scientism. The crucial premise of the Fundamental Argument is that if nonscientific sources of belief did not provide us with knowledge, neither could the sciences. But, the sciences do provide us with knowledge. Thus, epistemic scientism is false. This paper defends Peels's argument against recent criticisms. In particular, Hietanen and colleagues criticize Peels's argument for resting on what they call the “garbage in, garbage out” principle (GIGO). This paper strengthens their attacks on the GIGO principle. It shows, however, that we don't need the GIGO principle to motivate the crucial premise of the Fundamental Argument. Instead, it argues that the crucial premise is true for the following reasons: scientific knowledge is the result of successful inquiry; at some point we lacked scientific knowledge; and, we cannot successfully inquire without some prior knowledge.
- Perséfone y la dureza del trabajo según Cornuto (ND 46.1-3 torres) y el Estoicismo(Instituto de Ciencias de la Antigüedad (ICA/AZI) y Servicio de Publicaciones de la UPV/EHU., 2024) Torres-Guerra, J.B. (José Bernardino)Este trabajo revisa primero las etimologías modernas y antiguas de Perséfone. Se llama la atención sobre el hecho de que el Repaso de las tradiciones teológicas de los griegos del estoico Cornuto etimologiza de manera peculiar el teónimo en 46.1-3 Torres. Por una parte, este es el único caso conocido en el que -φόνη, la segunda parte de Περσεφόνη, se relaciona con πόνος, el ‘trabajo duro’. Después, Cornuto emplea esta explicación etimológica como base para una alegoría doble según la cual Perséfone simboliza el trabajo duro que supone el laboreo del campo; o bien su nombre es un recordatorio de que la práctica de un trabajo esforzado genera aguante. Tras revisar el concepto de ‘trabajo’ presente en otros escritos estoicos, se hace observar que, para una comprensión adecuada del pasaje analizado, se deben tener en mente el carácter didáctico del manual de Cornuto, lo que este declara en otros lugares sobre el trabajo intelectual, así como un pasaje relevante de Persio.
- Una herencia en conflicto. Auge y disolución de una casa exportadora de lana en el valle del Ebro (siglo XVIII)(Universidad de Salamanca, 2024) Zabalza-Seguín, A. (Ana)El texto analiza la figura de Agustín de Sesma y Sierra (1664-1738), hombre de negocios asentado en la ciudad navarra de Corella, junto a las aduanas con Castilla, donde se dedicaba a la compra de lana fina castellana para exportarla sobre todo a Francia y Holanda a través del puerto de Bayona. Fue también arrendatario de rentas reales. Aunque en buena medida había heredado haberes y saberes de la anterior generación, él va a dar un notable impulso a todas estas actividades, y va a aprovechar las oportunidades de negocio abiertas por la guerra de Sucesión española. Padre de una familia muy numerosa, va a desplegar una pensada política en la transmisión de su cuantioso patrimonio, asociando a los varones a su negocio pero destinando al hijo más joven a una carrera de servicio a la Monarquía en el seno de la Armada. La asimetría en el tratamiento de hombres y mujeres desencadenará una batalla procesal que pondrá fin a la casa comercial en 1746.